| 词条 | Retrotope |
| 释义 |
| name = Retrotope, Inc. | headquarters = Los Altos, CA, United States | status = Clinical stage pharmaceutical company | tax_id = | founders = Dr Charles Cantor, Dr Robert Molinari and Dr Mikhail S. Shchepinov[1] | founded = 2006 | mission = | employees = | employees_year = | volunteers = | volunteers_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | expenses = | expenses_year = | services = Drug development | leader_name = Dr Robert Molinari | leader_title = Chief executive officer | leader_name2 = Dr Harry Saal | leader_title2 = Chairman of the Board | leader_name3 = Dr Mikhail S. Shchepinov[2] | leader_title3 = Chief scientific officer | endowment = | website = {{URL|http://www.retrotope.com}} }}Retrotope, Inc. commercialises the idea that fortifying food with heavy isotopes[3] protects living cells by making bonds within the delicate molecules inside and around cells harder to break and the cells less prone to damage. Founded in 2006 by entrepreneurs and scientists Charles Cantor, Robert Molinari and Mikhail Shchepinov using seed funding from private investors, Retrotope is developing a non-antioxidant approach to preventing lipid peroxidation, a detrimental factor in mitochondrial, neuronal and retinal diseases. The company employs the virtual business model[4] and works in scientific collaboration with more than 80 research groups in universities worldwide.[5] DevelopmentRetrotope's drug platform, deuterium stabilized polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), prevents lipid peroxidation damage from propagating, rapidly stopping the toxic chain reaction at its source. Because the fatty acids in mitochondrial and cellular membranes turn over rapidly, the dietary substitution of stabilized fatty acids creates cells fortified against damage due to kinetic isotope effect. 11,11-D2-ethyl linoleate suppresses lipid peroxidation even at relatively low levels of incorporation into membranes.[6] In 2010 Retrotope found that it more than 150 times increases the resistance of the yeast to oxidative stress,[7][8] later it was shown to be effective in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease.[9] A June 2018 study found that a diet of D-PUFA was shown to significantly decrease F2-isoprostanes (a cerebrospinal fluid found in elevated amounts in Huntington's disease) when fed to one-month old mice over the course of five months.[10] These findings caused discussion in popular science press about the use of deuterated nutrients against ageing,[11] but the most promising direction of further development was towards rare neurodegenerative disorders in which oxidative damage plays a part. Clinical trialsThe first deuterated PUFA made and studied by Retrotope, 11,11-D2-ethyl linoleate, has become the first Retrotope's drug RT001 that was taken into the clinic. It has passed Phase I/II clinical trial for the treatment of Friedreich's ataxia (FA),[12] in which RT001 was shown to be safe, well-tolerated and beneficial in terms of improving motor capability in FA patients. However, this preliminary evidence must be interpreted with caution given the limited sample size and the short duration of the study.[13] In 2017 FDA granted RT001 orphan drug designation in the treatment of phospholipase 2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN).[14] A Phase II open-label clinical study for long-term evaluation of efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of RT001 in the treatment of Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy started in the Summer 2018.[15] Other clinical useAfter a petition for access filed by investigators at major medical centers, in 2018 RT001 was given to a patient with ALS under a "compassionate use" scheme sponsored by Retrotope.[16] References1. ^{{cite web|title=Retrotope Inc.: Private Company Information - Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=113360243|website=www.bloomberg.com}} 2. ^https://lifeboat.com/ex/bios.mikhail.s.shchepinov 3. ^{{cite web | title = Research suggests fortified food could help resist ageing | url = https://www.theguardian.com/science/2007/mar/26/foodtech.medicalresearch | publisher = The Guardian | date = 27 March 2007}} 4. ^{{cite web | title = Fat-based Parkinson's drug headed to clinical trial with $6.5M in angel money | url = https://medcitynews.com/2014/08/mega-omega-3-retrotopes-fat-based-parkinsons-alzheimers-drug-headed-clinical-trial-6-5m-angels/ | publisher = MedCityNews }} 5. ^{{cite web | title = Collaborations | url = https://www.retrotope.com/collaborations/ | publisher = Retrotope }} 6. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Hill S, Lamberson CR, Xu L, To R, Tsui HS, Shmanai VV, Bekish AV, Awad AM, Marbois BN, Cantor CR, Porter NA, Clarke CF, Shchepinov MS | title = Small amounts of isotope-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress lipid autoxidation | journal = Free Radical Biology & Medicine | volume = 53 | issue = 4 | pages = 893–906 | date = August 2012 | pmid = 22705367 | pmc = 3437768 | doi = 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.004 }} 7. ^{{cite web | first = Helen | last = Thomson | name-list-format = vanc | title = Heavy hydrogen keeps yeast looking good | url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20827844-000-heavy-hydrogen-keeps-yeast-looking-good/ | work = New Scientist | date = 27 October 2010 }} 8. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Hill S, Hirano K, Shmanai VV, Marbois BN, Vidovic D, Bekish AV, Kay B, Tse V, Fine J, Clarke CF, Shchepinov MS | title = Isotope-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids protect yeast cells from oxidative stress | journal = Free Radical Biology & Medicine | volume = 50 | issue = 1 | pages = 130–8 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 20955788 | pmc = 3014413 | doi = 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.10.690 }} 9. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Elharram A, Czegledy NM, Golod M, Milne GL, Pollock E, Bennett BM, Shchepinov MS | title = Deuterium-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids improve cognition in a mouse model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 284 | issue = 23 | pages = 4083–4095 | date = December 2017 | pmid = 29024570 | pmc = 5716852 | doi = 10.1111/febs.14291 }} 10. ^{{cite journal| title=Deuterium‐reinforced linoleic acid lowers lipid peroxidation and mitigates cognitive impairment in the Q140 knock in mouse model of Huntington's disease| journal=The FEBS Journal| volume=285| issue=16| pages=3002–3012| date=22 June 2018| doi=10.1111/febs.14590| pmid=29933522| last1=Hatami| first1=Asa| last2=Zhu| first2=Chunni| last3=Relaño-Gines| first3=Aroa| last4=Elias| first4=Chris| last5=Galstyan| first5=Arpine| last6=Jun| first6=Michael| last7=Milne| first7=Ginger| last8=Cantor| first8=Charles R.| last9=Chesselet| first9=Marie-Francoise| last10=Shchepinov| first10=Mikhail S.}} 11. ^{{cite web | first = Jessica | last = Hamzelou | name-list-format = vanc | title = Pill of super-protective 'heavy' fat may be key to eternal youth | url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630214-900-pill-of-super-protective-heavy-fat-may-be-key-to-eternal-youth | work = New Scientist | date = 13 May 2015 }} 12. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Zesiewicz T, Heerinckx F, De Jager R, Omidvar O, Kilpatrick M, Shaw J, Shchepinov MS | title = Randomized, clinical trial of RT001: Early signals of efficacy in Friedreich's ataxia | journal = Movement Disorders | volume = 33 | issue = 6 | pages = 1000–1005 | date = April 2018 | pmid = 29624723 | doi = 10.1002/mds.27353 }} 13. ^{{Cite journal | doi=10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01808| pmid=30640460|title = Applications of Deuterium in Medicinal Chemistry| journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry|year = 2019|last1 = Pirali|first1 = Tracey| last2=Serafini| first2=Marta| last3=Cargnin| first3=Sarah| last4=Genazzani| first4=Armando A.}} 14. ^{{cite web | title = US FDA Grants Orphan Drug Designation for Retrotope's RT001 in the Treatment of Phospholipase 2G6 (PLA2G6)-Associated Neurodegeneration | url = https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/02/globe-newswire-us-fda-grants-orphan-drug-designation-for-retrotopeas-rt001-in-the-treatment-of-phospholipase-2g6-pla2g6-associated.html | work = Global Newswire | date = 2 November 2017 }} 15. ^https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03570931 16. ^https://alsnewstoday.com/2018/09/18/experimental-rt001-available-for-als-under-expanded-access-program/ 1 : Pharmaceutical companies of the United States |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。