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词条 Reverse smoking
释义

  1. References

Reverse smoking is a kind of smoking where the burnt end of a hand rolled tobacco leaf is put in the mouth rather than the unlit end of the cigar.[1] It is practiced in some parts of Andhra Pradesh, India and the Philippines. Reverse smoking is considered to be a risk factor for oral cancer.[2]

References

1. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0030-4220(77)90325-5 |pmid=265042 |title=A follow-up study of sixty-one oral dysplastic precancerous lesions in Indian villagers |journal=Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=383–90 |year=1977 |last1=Pindborg |first1=Jens J. |last2=Daftary |first2=Dinesh K. |last3=Mehta |first3=Fali S. }}
2. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.4103/0973-029X.164530 |pmid=26604494 |pmc=4611926 |title=Palatal changes of reverse smokers in a rural coastal Andhra population with review of literature |journal=Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=182–7 |year=2015 |last1=Bharath |first1=Tsreenivasa |last2=Kumar |first2=Ngovind Raj |last3=Nagaraja |first3=A |last4=Saraswathi |first4=TR |last5=Babu |first5=Gsuresh |last6=Raju |first6=Pramanjaneya }}
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5 : Smoking|Habits|Drug delivery devices|Dosage forms|Drug culture

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