| 词条 | A Letter to a Hindu |
| 释义 |
"A Letter to a Hindu" (also known as "A Letter to a Hindoo") was a letter written by Leo Tolstoy to Tarak Nath Das on 14 December 1908.[1] The letter was written in response to two letters sent by Das, seeking support from the famous Russian author and thinker for India's independence from British colonial rule. The letter was published in the Indian newspaper Free Hindustan. The letter caused the young Mohandas Gandhi to write to the world-famous Tolstoy to ask for advice and for permission to reprint the Letter in Gandhi's own South African newspaper, Indian Opinion, in 1909. Mohandas Gandhi was stationed in South Africa at the time and just beginning his lifelong activist career. He then translated the letter himself, from the original English copy sent to India, into his native Gujarati.[1] In "A Letter to a Hindu", Tolstoy argued that only through the principle of love could the Indian people free themselves from colonial British rule. Tolstoy saw the law of love espoused in all the world's religions, and he argued that the individual, nonviolent application of the law of love in the form of protests, strikes, and other forms of peaceful resistance were the only alternative to violent revolution. These ideas ultimately proved to be successful in 1947 in the culmination of the Indian Independence Movement. In this letter, Tolstoy mentions the works of Swami Vivekananda. This letter, along with Tolstoy's views, preaching, and his book The Kingdom of God Is Within You, helped to form Mohandas Gandhi's views about nonviolent resistance.[1] The letter introduced Gandhi to the ancient Tamil moral literature, the Tirukkuṛaḷ, which Tolstoy referred to as the Hindu Kural.[2] Gandhi then took to studying the Kural while in prison.[3] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{Citation | last = Parel | first = Anthony J. | author-link = Anthony Parel | contribution = Gandhi and Tolstoy | editors=M. P. Mathai, M. S. John, Siby K. Joseph | title = Meditations on Gandhi : a Ravindra Varma festschrift | pages = 96–112 | publisher = Concept | place = New Delhi | year = 2002 | contribution-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=kcpDOVk5Gp8C&pg=PA96 |accessdate=2012-09-08}} 2. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.online-literature.com/tolstoy/2733/ | title = A Letter to A Hindu: The Subjection of India-Its Cause and Cure | last = Tolstoy | first = Leo | date = 14 December 1908 | website = The Literature Network | publisher = The Literature Network | access-date = 12 February 2012 | quote = THE HINDU KURAL}} 3. ^{{cite book |author=Mohan Lal |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA4341 |year=1992 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-1221-3 |ref=harv }} External links{{Wikisource|A Letter to a Hindu}}
5 : Letters (message)|1908 documents|Works by Leo Tolstoy|Cultural depictions of Mahatma Gandhi|Tolstoyan movement |
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