| 词条 | Richard Frowd |
| 释义 |
Richard Frowd (fl. 1718-1719) was a pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known for sailing with William Moody. He was one of a number of pirates to have both white and black sailors in his crew. HistoryFrowd was in the Caribbean in his 8-gun 60-man brigantine alongside Englishman William Moody’s 36-gun 130-man Rising Sun and another ship in 1718.[1] There they captured several ships near St. Christopher’s, looting some and burning others, continuing through early 1719 after resupplying at St. Thomas in December.[2] Their aggression prompted Governor Hamilton to request assignment of a warship from England for protection.[1] Frowd acted as a ship’s tender to Moody’s Rising Sun but also took ships on his own, including a pink from Belfast near the Carolinas in January 1719.[2] After cruising the Caribbean for a time, Moody sailed for the coast of Africa.[3] Near Cape Verde around April 1719 Moody and his supporters marooned Thomas Cocklyn, and were themselves in turn forced off the Rising Sun and into a small boat, and were presumed to have been lost at sea.[6] Frowd may have parted ways from Moody before crossing the Atlantic, or have been replaced as captain of Moody’s consort ship by that time: records of the incident with Cocklyn and the Rising Sun (from the testimony of captured sailor William Snelgrave) mention several pirates by name but Frowd was not among them.[4] A number of pirates allowed blacks to serve on board their ships, though there is no general agreement on whether they were equal to white crewmen or had lesser status.[1] Edward England, Bartholomew Roberts, Augustin Blanco, Moody, Frowd, and others were reported with mixed crews;[5] Frowd's was described as "60 men, whites and blacks".[2] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Cordingly|first1=David|title=Under the Black Flag: The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates|date=2013|publisher=Random House Publishing Group|location=New York|isbn=9780307763075|pages=15–16, 111, 249|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnoi6SM1u5cC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=6 July 2017|language=en}} {{pirates}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Frowd, Richard}}2. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=America and West Indies: December 1718, 11-19 {{!}} British History Online|date=1930|publisher=His Majesty's Stationery Office|location=London|page=section 797|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol30/pp404-424|accessdate=6 July 2017|language=en}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Piat|first1=Denis|title=Pirates & Privateers of Mauritius|date=2014|publisher=Editions Didier Millet|location=Singapore|isbn=9789814385664|pages=63–64|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gp9eAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=6 July 2017|language=en}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Grey|first1=Charles|title=Pirates of the eastern seas (1618-1723): a lurid page of history|date=1933|publisher=S. Low, Marston & co., ltd|location=London|pages=27–28|url=http://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/library/documents/1D30004CA384A81381DD3C8F45CAE3B216713B01.html|accessdate=26 June 2017}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=John|title=Pirate's Life|date=2007|publisher=ABDO|location=Edina MN|isbn=9781604532548|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fN5oPy_bpSkC&printsec=frontcover&vq=frowd#v=onepage&q=frowd&f=false|accessdate=6 July 2017|language=en}} 5 : Year of birth missing|Year of death missing|18th-century pirates|Pirates|Caribbean pirates |
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