| 词条 | Rijram Desad |
| 释义 |
| name = Rijram Desad | image = | alt = | caption = | image_size = | background = non_vocal_instrumentalist | birth_name = | alias = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | origin = | instrument = Jal tarang, various Indian percussion and string instruments | genre = Indian classical, film score | occupation = Musician, teacher | years_active = | label = | associated_acts = | }}Rijram Desad, often credited as Rij Ram Desad, was an Indian classical musician, multi-instrumentalist and teacher, based in Bombay. Beginning in the early 1940s, he performed on many Indian film soundtracks and in ballet presentations. He was known for his versatility as a musician and his ability to master a wide range of percussion and string instruments.[1] According to cultural historian Naseem Khan, his skill on the jal tarang had become "legendary" by the mid 1970s.[1] Desad worked with the Hindi cinema playback singer Lata Mangeshkar[1] and played santoor on recordings by the Hindustani ghazal, dadra and thumri vocalist Begum Akhtar.[2] Among his contributions to orchestral projects, he played hand drums[3] in an ensemble led by Ravi Shankar and filmed in Bombay in 1968 for the Shankar documentary Raga (1971).[4][5] In January 1968, he was among the musicians selected by Shambhu Das, who ran Shankar's Kinnara School of Music in Bombay,[6] to appear on the Wonderwall Music soundtrack album by George Harrison of the Beatles.[7] Desad's contributions to the album included Indian harmonium and tabla tarang.[8] As a result of this project, Desad played harmonium on the Beatles song "The Inner Light", which Harrison recorded during the same sessions.[9] In his notes detailing the contributions of the musicians he worked with in Bombay, Harrison listed him as "Rij-Ram (Everything) Desad".[10] In 1974, Desad was one of the musicians and singers handpicked by Shankar for his Music Festival from India revue.[11] Sponsored by Harrison, the eighteen-piece orchestra toured Europe,[12] playing a musical program that mixed Indian classical and a wide variety of regional folk styles.[13] Among the percussion instruments played by Desad, he performed on pakavaj beside fellow drummers Alla Rakha (tabla), T.V. Gopalkrishnan (mridangam) and Kamalesh Maitra (tabla tarang).[14] Harrison also produced a studio album by the Music Festival from India;[15] released in 1976, it included contributions from Desad on pakavaj, madal tarang, dholki, nagada, huduk and duff.[16] Following the Music Festival's European tour, he played on Harrison and Shankar's joint North American tour in November and December 1974.[17][18] For the finale to the Indian portion of these concerts, Desad and the rest of Shankar's ensemble performed with Harrison's band,[19][20] which also included jazz percussionist Emil Richards and rock drummers Jim Keltner and Andy Newmark.[14] Desad's versatility led to him redesigning old folk musical instruments for use in a more modern and varied musical context.[1] Later a teacher, Desad was a mentor to tablist Lalit Mahant,[21] whom he trained in tabla and the tantra vadhya vocal style.[22] {{Portal|Indian classical music}}References1. ^1 2 3 Naseem Khan, "The Artists", in Collaborations, book accompanying Ravi Shankar–George Harrison Collaborations box set (Dark Horse Records, 2010; produced by Olivia Harrison; package design by Drew Lorimer & Olivia Harrison), p. 46. {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Desad, Rijram}}2. ^Liner notes, Lost Horizons LP (The Gramophone Company of India, 1977; produced & directed by Murli Manohar Swarup). 3. ^Credits, Raga: A Film Journey into the Soul of India DVD, East Meets West/Apple Films, 2010 (produced and directed by Howard Worth; reissue produced by Shyama Priya & Cat Celebrezze). 4. ^Peter Lavezzoli, The Dawn of Indian Music in the West, Continuum (New York, NY, 2006; {{ISBN|0-8264-2819-3}}), p. 184. 5. ^Howard Thompson, [https://www.nytimes.com/1971/11/24/archives/screen-ravi-shankar-raga-a-documentary-at-carnegie-cinema.html "Screen: Ravi Shankar; 'Raga,' a Documentary, at Carnegie Cinema"], The New York Times, 24 November 1971, p. 23 (retrieved 26 August 2015). 6. ^Bill Harry, The George Harrison Encyclopedia, Virgin Books (London, 2003; {{ISBN|978-0-7535-0822-0}}), p. 61. 7. ^Wonderwall Music CD booklet (Apple Records, 2014; produced by George Harrison), pp. 8, 15. 8. ^Album credits, Wonderwall Music CD (Apple Records, 2014; produced by George Harrison). 9. ^Peter Lavezzoli, The Dawn of Indian Music in the West, Continuum (New York, NY, 2006; {{ISBN|0-8264-2819-3}}), p. 183. 10. ^George Harrison – The Apple Years book (Apple Records, 2014; produced by Dhani Harrison, Olivia Harrison & Jonathan Clyde), p. 17. 11. ^Ravi Shankar, Raga Mala: The Autobiography of Ravi Shankar, Welcome Rain (New York, NY, 1999; {{ISBN|1-56649-104-5}}), pp. 223–24. 12. ^Chip Madinger & Mark Easter, Eight Arms to Hold You: The Solo Beatles Compendium, 44.1 Productions (Chesterfield, MO, 2000; {{ISBN|0-615-11724-4}}), p. 442. 13. ^Collaborations, book accompanying Ravi Shankar–George Harrison Collaborations box set (Dark Horse Records, 2010; produced by Olivia Harrison; package design by Drew Lorimer & Olivia Harrison), p. 31. 14. ^1 Chip Madinger & Mark Easter, Eight Arms to Hold You: The Solo Beatles Compendium, 44.1 Productions (Chesterfield, MO, 2000; {{ISBN|0-615-11724-4}}), p. 447. 15. ^Peter Lavezzoli, The Dawn of Indian Music in the West, Continuum (New York, NY, 2006; {{ISBN|0-8264-2819-3}}), p. 195. 16. ^Album credits, Ravi Shankar's Music Festival from India LP (Dark Horse Records, 1976; produced by George Harrison). 17. ^Olivia Harrison, George Harrison: Living in the Material World, Abrams (New York, NY, 2011; {{ISBN|978-1-4197-0220-4}}), pp. 298–99. 18. ^Chip Madinger & Mark Easter, Eight Arms to Hold You: The Solo Beatles Compendium, 44.1 Productions (Chesterfield, MO, 2000; {{ISBN|0-615-11724-4}}), pp. 446–47. 19. ^Olivia Harrison, George Harrison: Living in the Material World, Abrams (New York, NY, 2011; {{ISBN|978-1-4197-0220-4}}), p. 312. 20. ^Robert Rodriguez, Fab Four FAQ 2.0: The Beatles' Solo Years, 1970–1980, Backbeat Books (Milwaukee, WI, 2010; {{ISBN|978-1-4165-9093-4}}), p. 238. 21. ^Garima Mishra, "Call of the Santoor", The Indian Express, 8 June 2015 (retrieved 4 August 2016). 22. ^"Biography", santoortabla.com (retrieved 4 August 2016). 8 : Indian male classical musicians|Indian drummers|Indian percussionists|Jal tarang players|Santoor players|20th-century Indian musicians|20th-century drummers|20th-century male musicians |
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