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词条 Robert Barker (physician)
释义

  1. Barker's Mill

  2. Notes

Robert Barker (died 1745) was a British physician and inventor. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society from 1732.[1]

Barker invented both a reflecting microscope, exhibited in 1736, and "Barker's mill", a prototype reaction turbine (1743).[2][3] According to James Dodson, he was a friend of Charles Labelye.[4] He died in London, on 9 September 1745.[5]

Barker's Mill

Barker's Mill, a rotating device powered by water and Newton's Third Law, is sometimes described as a 17th century invention.[6] It is attributed to Dr Robert Barker F.R.S., in 1743. It was published by John Theophilus Desaguliers in his book Experimental Philosophy of 1744.[7][3] Desaguliers, who himself demonstrated the mill to the Royal Society, attributed the principle involved to Antoine Parent.[8] French terms for the mill are tourniquet hydraulique, moulin de Parent or roue à réaction.[9][10]

A complex timeline of development ensued.

  • As the Segner wheel, practical application of the idea is often credited to Johann Andreas Segner (1750).[7]
  • Leonhard Euler with the Euler wheel of 1754 developed Segner's concept.[9]
  • James Ferguson the lecturer notices in 1767 "a model of Dr. Barker's water mill".[11]
  • c.1790 James Rumsey had an "improvement upon Dr. Barker’s mill: a mode to allow circular or retrograde motion mills with a smaller quantity of water to be moved or turned".[12]
  • 1827 water turbine of Benoît Fourneyron.[13]
  • In 1839 James Whitelaw and James Stirrat of Paisley obtained a patent for a water turbine based on "Barker's Mill".[14]

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Persons&dsqSearch=Code==%27NA572%27&dsqCmd=Show.tcl|title=Royal Society Fellow details Barker; Robert (- 1745)|accessdate=8 August 2018}}
2. ^{{cite book|last=Ratcliff|first=Marc J.|title=The Quest for the Invisible: Microscopy in the Enlightenment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vxmgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|accessdate=8 August 2018|date=2016-02-24|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317018407|page=30}}
3. ^1 {{cite book|last=Dickinson|first=Henry Winram|title=A Short History of the Steam Engine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8yug4QCWwywC&pg=PA187|accessdate=8 August 2018|date=2011-02-17|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108012287|page=187}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Dodson|first=James|title=The Anti-logarithmic Canon: Being a Table of Numbers, Consisting of Eleven Places of Figures, Corresponding to All Logarithms Under 100000 ... With Precepts and Examples ... To which is Prefix'd, an Introduction, Containing a Short Account of Logarithms ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6PXmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR9|accessdate=9 August 2018|year=1742|publisher=J. Dodson and J. Wilcox|page=x}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/medallicillustra02hawk#page/588/mode/1up/|title=Medallic illustrations of the history of Great Britain and Ireland to the death of George II|last=Hawkins|first=Edward, Herbert Appold Grueber|year=1885|work=Internet Archive|publisher=British Museum|pages=588|volume=I|accessdate=9 August 2018|location=London}}
6. ^{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Barker's Mill|volume=3}}
7. ^1 {{cite book|last=Project Technology|first=Schools Council (Great Britain)|title=Industrial Archaeology of Watermills & Waterpower|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YmQfAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA85|accessdate=8 August 2018|year=1975|publisher=Heinemann Educational Books|isbn=9780435759100|page=85}}
8. ^{{cite book|last1=Musson|first1=Albert Edward|last2=Robinson|first2=Eric|title=Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ihxDGRwwzP0C&pg=PA45|accessdate=8 August 2018|year=1989|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9782881243820|page=45}}
9. ^1 {{cite book|last=Viollet|first=Pierre-Louis|title=Histoire de l'énergie hydraulique: moulins, pompes, roues et turbines de l'Antiquité au XXe siècle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YzdHxL4OjhoC&pg=PA139|accessdate=8 August 2018|year=2005|publisher=Presses des Ponts|isbn=9782859784140|page=139|language=fr}}
10. ^{{cite book|title=Recueil de la Société polytechnique: ou Recueil industriel, manufacturier, agricole et commercial, de la salubrité publique, et des actes de l'administration propres à encourager les diverses branches de l'économie publique|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzLgKFfcd-cC&pg=PA119|year=1828|publisher=Société polytechnique|page=119}}
11. ^{{cite book|last1=Ferguson|first1=James|last2=Henderson|first2=Ebenezer|title=Life of James Ferguson, F. R. S.: In a Brief Autobiographical Account, and Further Extended Memoir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hItnAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA154|accessdate=8 August 2018|year=1867|publisher=A. Fullarton|page=154}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://museumoftheberkeleysprings.com/rumsey-exhibit-3-4/|title=Rumsey Exhibit – 3-4 – the Museum of the Berkeley Springs|accessdate=8 August 2018}}
13. ^{{cite book|last1=Hall|first1=A. Rupert|last2=Smith|first2=Norman|title=History of Technology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u0kSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA238|accessdate=9 August 2018|date=2016-09-30|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781350017382|page=238}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Whitelaw_and_Stirrat|title=Whitelaw and Stirrat, Grace's Guide|accessdate=8 August 2018}}
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4 : Year of birth missing|1745 deaths|18th-century British medical doctors|Fellows of the Royal Society
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