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词条 Robert F. Turner
释义

  1. Education

  2. Career

  3. Honors and recognition

  4. Books

  5. References

  6. External links

{{COI|date=November 2017}}{{Infobox scientist
|honorific_prefix =
|name = Robert F. Turner
|image = Dr._Robert_F._Turner.jpg
|alt = photo of Dr. Robert Turner
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|2|14}}
|birth_place =
|nationality = American
|fields = International law
National Security Law
|workplaces = U.S. Department of Defense
U.S. Naval War College
University of Virginia
|alma_mater = The University of Virginia
|spouse =
|website = [https://content.law.virginia.edu/faculty/adjunct-profile/rft3m/1216438 Robert F. Turner, Professor]
}}

Robert F. Turner (born February 14, 1944) is a professor of international law and national security law at the University of Virginia and the co-founder of its Center for National Security Law.

He has testified before the United States Congress numerous times, served as a legal advisor to the Departments of State and Defense and as a White House Counsel during the Reagan administration, published articles in national newspapers, been interviewed on national television programs and been cited often by other legal scholars on national security law, international law and the separation of powers doctrine.

Education

Turner earned his BA in Government with honors from Indiana University in 1968. While attending the university, he became chairman of the Intercollegiate Society of Individualists Conservative League.[1] Later, he became the National Research Director for Student Committee for Victory in Vietnam[1][2][3] and engageed in debates with national anti-war protestors and college professors who opposed the war. As National Research Director, he produced a series of pamphlets called Vietnam Cliches that documented facts about the war that were in opposition to antiwar views.[4] He undertook graduate work in history and political science at Stanford University in 1972 and 1973 while in the employ of the Hoover Institution and resumed his graduate studies enrolling in Government and Foreign Affairs coursework in 1979-1981 while attending law school at the University of Virginia, where he earned his J.D degree. He earned a Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD) degree from UVA in 1996.[5]

Career

In 1968, Turner served briefly as a correspondent in Vietnam for the Indianapolis News. He then was commissioned as a Captain in the US Army through the ROTC program and assigned to the intelligence services. He served in Vietnam from 1968 through 1971, primarily assigned to MACV on detail to the US Embassy as Assistant Special Projects Officer, North Vietnam/Viet Cong Affairs Division. One of his duties was interviewing senior communist defectors and POWs. In that position, he accumulated first-hand knowledge of Vietnamese communism from those he interviewed, an experience that led to his book, Vietnamese Communism: Its Origins and Development.[6] Another of his duties was briefing US and foreign media. In his capacity as Special Projects Officer, he also authored a top secret monograph on Viet Cong assassination policy.[5]

In 1971 he became a Research Assistant/Associate at the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace,[9] where "he contributed ten chapters on communist movements in Southeast Asia to the Yearbook on International Communist Affairs (1972)."[7] While at Stanford, he attended graduate courses in History and Political Science. In 1972 he became a Public Affairs Fellow. He spent his first year researching at Stanford and completing his book on Vietnamese Communism and his second year on Capitol Hill. During that period, he also served as Associate Editor (Asia and Pacific) for the Yearbook on International Communist Affairs (1973-1974).[5][8]

When his fellowship was complete, Turner became Special Assistant and Legislative Assistant to U.S. Senator Robert P. Griffin of Michigan for five years.[9][9] He served as Senator Griffin's national security advisor and was responsible for Foreign Affairs, Armed Services and Intelligence issues.[5] While there, he helpded draft the language that created the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.

In April 1981, Turner co-founded the Center for National Security Law with John Norton Moore.[10] It was "the first organization focused expressly on national security law in the nation, and probably in the world."[11] That same year he took a leave of absence to become the Special Assistant to the UnderSecretary of Defense for Policy as well as Counsel to the President's Intelligence Oversight Board,[10] where he served for two years. Then he served as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Legislative and Governmental Affairs for the United States Department of State until 1985.[5]

The following year, Turner became the first President and CEO[12] of the United States Institute of Peace which was established by Congress in 1984, holding the position from 1986 to 1987.

Two years later, he became the Chair of the ABA Standing Committee on Law and National Security. He held the post until 1992. He also served as editor of the ABA National Security Law Report.[10][13]

in 1991, Turner co-edited and published National Security Law and Policy, now in its third edition. At the time of its creation, the field of national security law did not exist as a separate discipline in the legal profession. Turner went on to become a three-term chairman of the ABA Standing Committee on Law and National Security.[14][15]

In 1994, he received a one-year appointment to the US Naval War College and became the Charles H. Stockton Professor of International Law,[10][16] "one of [the] oldest and most prestigious academic chairs" at the college.[5][17] That same year, he was described, in a Michigan Law Review article,[18] as (one of the) "two most distinguished and careful commentators" in the area of the law and the Vietnam War.

In 2000, Turner chaired an academic study investigating the paternity of Sally Hemings children.[19] The year-long research project concluded that the most likely father of Hemings' children was the mentally-challenged younger brother of Thomas Jefferson, Randolph Jefferson.[20][21] A book detailing the commission's findings was published in 2011.[22] In his 2012 book "Master of the Mountain", Henry Wiencek described Turner as “Jefferson’s chief scholarly defender”.[23]

Turner is often consulted on national security matters by news reporters[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and is a contributor to the Wall Street Journal on several issues; national security, surveillance laws, the Hemings controversy and the Vietnam War.[39][40][41][42][43][44] He is a contributor to the Washington Post[45][46][47][48] and USA Today[49] as well. He has also spent a lifetime speaking and writing about the Vietnam war[50][51][52][53] and has, for many years, taught graduate and undergraduate seminars on the Vietnam War at UVA.[54] He has testified before "more than a dozen" committees in the House and Senate on national security matters, international law and the separation of powers doctrine, as well as other issues,[5][55] and his books and articles have been cited hundreds of times by other legal scholars[56][57] and are used in courses at Yale and other law schools.[58][59]

Honors and recognition

  • Distinguished Lecturer, United States Military Academy, September 6, 1995 (one of only two lawyers to do so who were not Supreme Court Justices, the other being Judge Robert Bork)[5]
  • Silverman Lecturer, Supreme Court Historical Society, November 12, 2002
  • Seven Society Award for service to the University of Virginia 1992
  • Three term Chairman of the ABA Standing Committee on Law and National Security
  • Three term Chairman of the Committee on Executive-Congressional Relations of the ABA Section of International Law Practice
  • Seven term Chairman (and co-Chair) of the Subcommittee on National Security Law of the Federalist Society
  • Member, Board of Directors, Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy (1996–present)[60]
  • International and Operational Law Advisory Board, US Naval War College
  • Member of the Bar, US Supreme Court, Commonwealth of Virginia
  • Member of MENSA
  • Who's Who in American Law (two years after graduating)
  • Who's Who in the World
  • SACEI Person of the Year (first recipient)[61]

Books

{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=RclmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22&dq=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22|accessdate=28 November 2017|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=Vietnamese Communism: Its Origins and Development|date=1975|publisher=Hoover Institution Press|location=Stanford, CA|isbn=9780817964313|edition=1st}}
  • {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=3odDAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22&dq=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22|accessdate=28 November 2017|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=The war powers resolution : its implementation in theory and practice|date=1983|publisher=Foreign Policy Research Inst.|location=Philadelphia, Penn.|isbn=978-0910191067}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Moore|first1=John Norton|last2=Turner|first2=Robert F.|last3=Management|first3=United States President's Blue Ribbon Commission on Defense|title=The legal structure of Defense organization: memorandum|date=1986|publisher=The Commission|url=https://books.google.com/?id=k-rnCOM22KEC&q=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22&dq=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22|accessdate=28 November 2017|language=en}}
  • {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=eo8MAAAAYAAJ&q=Nicaragua+v.+United+States:+A+Look+at+the+Facts&dq=Nicaragua+v.+United+States:+A+Look+at+the+Facts|accessdate=28 November 2017|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=Nicaragua v. United States: A Look at the Facts|date=1987|publisher=Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, Inc.|location=Cambridge, MA|isbn=0-08-034499-2}}
  • {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=w2MxAQAAIAAJ&q=International+Law+and+the+Brezhnev+Doctrine&dq=International+Law+and+the+Brezhnev+Doctrine|accessdate=28 November 2017|last1=Moore|first1=John Norton|last2=Turner|first2=Robert F.|title=International Law and the Brezhnev Doctrine|date=1987|publisher=The Center for National Security Law|location=Charlottesville, VA|isbn=978-0819157959}}
  • {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=x0qQAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22&dq=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22|accessdate=28 November 2017|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=Repealing the War Powers Resolution : restoring the rule of law in U.S. foreign policy|date=1991|publisher=Brassey's|location=Washington|isbn=978-0080374352}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Moore|first1=John Norton|last2=Turner|first2=Robert F.|title=Readings on international law from the Naval War College review, 1978-1994|date=1995|publisher=Naval War College|location=Newport, RI|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ED-PAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22&dq=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22|accessdate=28 November 2017|language=en}}
  • {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=5FgOAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22&dq=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22|accessdate=28 November 2017|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=The ABM Treaty and the Senate|date=1999|publisher=Center for National Security Law|location=Charlottesville, VA|isbn= 0-917193-01-6}}
  • {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=61tuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22&dq=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22|accessdate=28 November 2017|last1=Moore|first1=John Norton|last2=Turner|first2=Robert F.|title=Real Lessons of the Vietnam War: Reflections Twenty-Five Years After the Fall of Saigon|date=2002|publisher=Carolina Academic Press|location=Durham, NC|isbn=0-89089-648-8|edition=1st|language=English}}
  • {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=_gpHAAAACAAJ&dq=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22|accessdate=28 November 2017|last1=Moore|first1=John Norton|last2=Roberts|first2=Guy B.|last3=Turner|first3=Robert F.|title=National Security Law Documents|date=2005|publisher=Carolina Academic Press|location=Durhan, NC|isbn=978-1611637045|edition=2nd}}
  • {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ijxuAAAAMAAJ&q=To+Oppose+Any+Foe:+The+Legacy+of+U.S.+Intervention+in+Vietnam&dq=To+Oppose+Any+Foe:+The+Legacy+of+U.S.+Intervention+in+Vietnam|accessdate=28 November 2017|last1=Fischer|first1=Ross A.|last2=Moore|first2=John Norton|last3=Turner|first3=Robert F.|title=To Oppose Any Foe: The Legacy of U.S. Intervention in Vietnam|date=2006|publisher=Carolina Academic Press|location=Durhan, NC|isbn=1-59460-206-9}}
  • {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=NcQ4QwAACAAJ&dq=Legal+Issues+in+the+Struggle+Against+Terror|accessdate=28 November 2017|last1=Moore|first1=John Norton|last2=Turner|first2=Robert F.|title=Legal Issues in the Struggle Against Terror|date=2010|publisher=Carolina Academic Press|location=Durham,NC|isbn=978-1-59460-830-8}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Matter|first1=Scholars Commission on the Jefferson-Hemings|title=The Jefferson-Hemings Controversy: Report of the Scholars Commission|date=2011|publisher=Carolina Academic Press|location=Durham, NC|isbn=9780890890851|url=https://books.google.com/?id=FHfmAAAACAAJ&dq=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22|accessdate=28 November 2017|language=en}}
  • {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=7HhLrgEACAAJ&dq=National+Security+Law+%26+Policy|accessdate=28 November 2017|last1=Moore|first1=John Norton|last2=Roberts|first2=Guy B.|last3=Turner|first3=Robert F.|title=National Security Law & Policy|date=2015|publisher=Carolina Academic Press|location=Durham, NC|isbn=978-1611637045|edition=3rd}}
{{refend}}

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Lantzer|first1=Jason S.|title=The Other Side of Campus: Indiana University's Student Right and the Rise of National Conservatism|url=https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/imh/article/view/12120/17947|website=Indiana Magazine of History|accessdate=1 December 2017|date=1 June 2005}}
2. ^{{cite news|title=Student Committee Urges Viet Victory By Bombing All Vital Military Targets|url=https://stanforddailyarchive.com/cgi-bin/stanford?a=d&d=stanford19670420-02.2.13&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------|accessdate=30 November 2017|work=stanforddailyarchive.com|agency=Stanford Daily|issue=Volume 151, Issue 43|date=20 April 1967}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Liberated by the Viet Cong|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2015649398/|website=The Library of Congress|publisher=National Student Committee For Victory In Vietnam|accessdate=1 December 2017|language=en}}
4. ^{{cite web|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=Vietnam Cliches|url=https://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=1781518020|website=www.vietnam.ttu.edu|publisher=National Student Committee for Victory in Vietnam|accessdate=8 December 2017|language=en}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|title=Robert F. Turner bio|url=http://www.policyexperts.org/cv/turnerrobert.pdf|website=Policy Experts|accessdate=30 November 2017}}
6. ^*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=RclmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22&dq=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22|accessdate=28 November 2017|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=Vietnamese Communism: Its Origins and Development|date=1975|publisher=Hoover Institution Press|location=Stanford, CA|isbn=9780817964313|edition=1st}}
7. ^{{cite book|last1=Staar|first1=Richard Felix|last2=Drachkovitch|first2=Milorad M.|last3=Gann|first3=Lewis H.|title=Yearbook on International Communist Affairs|date=1972|publisher=Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University.|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Yearbook_on_International_Communist_Affa.html?id=tfADAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=30 November 2017|language=en}}
8. ^{{cite book|last1=Staar|first1=F. Richard|title=Yearbook on International Communist Affairs, 1974|date=1974|publisher=Hoover Institution Press|isbn=9780817964016|url=https://books.google.com/?id=JfyInQAACAAJ&dq=Yearbook+on+International+Communist+Affairs+1973|accessdate=30 November 2017|language=en}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Robert F. Turner|url=https://content.law.virginia.edu/faculty/adjunct-profile/rft3m/1216438|website=University of Virginia School of Law|publisher=University of Virginia|accessdate=29 November 2017|language=en|date=22 July 2016}}
10. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|title=Prof. Robert F. Turner|url=https://fedsoc.org/contributors/robert-turner-1|website=The Federalist Society|accessdate=30 November 2017}}
11. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=7HhLrgEACAAJ&dq=National+Security+Law+%26+Policy|accessdate=28 November 2017|last1=Moore|first1=John Norton|last2=Roberts|first2=Guy B.|last3=Turner|first3=Robert F.|title=National Security Law & Policy|date=2015|publisher=Carolina Academic Press|location=Durham, NC|isbn=978-1611637045|edition=3rd|page=xiii}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Current and Past Leadership|url=https://www.usip.org/about-us/executive-office/current-and-past-leadership|website=United States Institute of Peace|accessdate=29 November 2017|language=en}}
13. ^{{cite journal|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=Ten Questions: Responses of Robert F. Turner|journal=William Mitchell Law Review|date=2007|volume=33|issue=5|page=1605|url=http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2816&context=wmlr|accessdate=29 November 2017}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Links of Interest {{!}} Standing Committee|url=https://www.americanbar.org/groups/public_services/law_national_security/resources/links_of_interest.html|website=www.americanbar.org|accessdate=29 November 2017}}
15. ^{{cite news|last1=Gellman|first1=Barton|title=Washingtonpost.com: Fog of War - Post Archive|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/fogofwar/archive/post012491_2.htm|accessdate=29 November 2017|publisher=The Washington Post|date=25 January 1991}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=U.S. Naval War College {{!}} Stockton Professors|url=https://usnwc2.usnwc.edu/Departments---Colleges/International-Law/Stockton-Chair/Charles-H--Stockton-Chair/Stockton-Professors.aspx|website=usnwc2.usnwc.edu|publisher=U.S. Naval War College|accessdate=1 December 2017}}
17. ^{{cite journal|last1=Hattendorf|first1=John|title=Rear Admiral Charles H. Stockton, the Naval War College and the Lae of Warfare|journal=International Law Studies|volume=71|issue=The Law of Armed Conflict: Into the Next Millenium|page=xvii|url=https://usnwc2.usnwc.edu/getattachment/Departments---Colleges/International-Law/Stockton-Chair/Charles-H--Stockton-Chair/Hattendorf.pdf.aspx|accessdate=1 December 2017}}
18. ^{{cite journal|last1=Bobbitt|first1=Phillip|title=War Powers: An Essay on John Hart Ely's War and Responsibility: Constitutional Lessons of Vietnam and Its Aftermath|journal=Michigan Law Review|date=1994|volume=92|issue=6|page=1372|jstor=1289586}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=The Scholars Commission|url=https://www.tjheritage.org/the-scholars-commission/|website=Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society|accessdate=29 November 2017}}
20. ^{{cite web|last1=Achorn|first1=Edward|title=Reasonable Doubt|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/reasonable-doubt/article/655071|website=Weekly Standard|accessdate=29 November 2017|date=29 October 2012}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=Scholars Overturn Case for Thomas Jefferson’s Relationship with Slave Sally Hemings {{!}} Capitalism Magazine|url=http://capitalismmagazine.com/2001/06/scholars-overturn-case-for-thomas-jeffersons-relationship-with-slave-sally-hemings/|website=capitalismmagazine.com|accessdate=29 November 2017}}
22. ^{{cite news|last1=Dinan|first1=Stephen|title=New book disputes claim Jefferson fathered children of slave Hemings|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/aug/30/new-book-disputes-claim-jefferson-fathered-childre/|accessdate=29 November 2017|work=The Washington Times|agency=The Washington Times|date=30 August 2011}}
23. ^{{cite book|last1=Wiencek|first1=Henry|title=Master of the Mountain: Thomas Jefferson and His Slaves|date=2012|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|location=New York City, NY|isbn=9781466827783|page=189|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7NsrC6ZHTWEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=master+of+the+mountain&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwip-4Wy7ezXAhUD5iYKHfMADvcQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=master%20of%20the%20mountain&f=false|accessdate=3 December 2017|language=en}}
24. ^{{cite news|last1=Frommer|first1=Frederic J.|title=Judge rules NSA phone record collection unconstitutional - The Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2013/12/16/judge-rules-nsa-phone-record-collection-unconstitutional/m0tIaVOjyDAs100lmFotLK/story.html|accessdate=29 November 2017|work=BostonGlobe.com|date=16 December 2013}}
25. ^{{cite news|last1=Jacoby|first1=Jeff|title=From Appomattox to Vietnam: What happens when the US troops leave? - The Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/editorials/2015/05/07/from-appomattox-vietnam-what-happens-when-troops-leave/cGYS7djFaOP8Dn0Y6PMxwI/story.html|accessdate=29 November 2017|work=BostonGlobe.com}}
26. ^{{cite news|last1=Bade|first1=Rachael|title=Pro Report: NSA gathered non-terrorism related emails for years - Manning gets 35 years - Obama to give education speeches Thursday - Meet the ACA swing states|url=https://www.politico.com/tipsheets/pro-report/2013/08/pro-report-nsa-gathered-non-terrorism-related-emails-for-years-manning-gets-35-years-obama-to-give-education-speeches-thursday-meet-the-aca-swing-states-011491|accessdate=29 November 2017|work=POLITICO|date=21 August 2013}}
27. ^{{cite web|last1=Staff|first1=TIME|title=Former Spy Boss Says Judge ‘Not in Good Position’ to Pronounce on NSA Program|url=http://swampland.time.com/2013/12/17/former-spy-boss-says-judge-not-in-good-position-to-pronounce-on-nsa-program/|website=Time|accessdate=29 November 2017}}
28. ^{{cite news|last1=Brownstein|first1=Ronald|title=Seats Notably Empty at Censure Hearing|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2006/apr/01/nation/na-censure1|accessdate=29 November 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=1 April 2006}}
29. ^{{cite news|last1=Ostrow|first1=Ronald J.|title=Legal Experts Split Over Bush's Power : Policy: Talk of launching an offensive against Iraq sparks questions about the need for congressional approval.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1990-11-13/news/mn-4570_1_legal-experts|accessdate=29 November 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=13 November 1990}}
30. ^{{cite news|last1=McManus|first1=Doyle|title=A U.S. License to Kill|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2003/jan/11/world/fg-predator11/3|accessdate=29 November 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=11 January 2003}}
31. ^{{cite news|last1=Weinstein|first1=Henry|title=2 Recruited to Spy for U.S. Can't Sue CIA, Justices Say|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2005/mar/03/nation/na-spies3|accessdate=29 November 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=3 March 2005}}
32. ^{{cite news|last1=Maass|first1=Allison|title=Expert: Detained American's release could be sign of better relations with North Korea|url=https://www.circa.com/story/2017/06/16/security/expert-detained-americans-release-could-be-sign-of-better-relations-with-north-korea|accessdate=29 November 2017|publisher=Circa|date=16 June 2017|language=en}}
33. ^{{cite news|last1=Harmon|first1=Tomas|title=Foreign affairs expert: Unclear North Korea is telling the truth about Otto Warmbier|url=http://www.newsplex.com/content/news/Foreign-affairs-expert-Unclear-North-Korea-is-telling-the-truth-about-Otto-Warmbier-428487043.html|accessdate=29 November 2017|agency=CBS19News|date=14 June 2017|language=en}}
34. ^{{cite web|last1=Jacobson|first1=Louis|title=Do presidents have 'the ability to declassify anything'?|url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2017/may/16/james-risch/does-president-have-ability-declassify-anything-an/|website=@politifact|accessdate=29 November 2017|language=en}}
35. ^{{cite news|last1=Mali|first1=Meghashyam|title=Experts: Obama walks fine line on strikes|url=http://thehill.com/policy/defense/214896-legal-experts-obama-walks-fine-line-on-strikes|accessdate=29 November 2017|work=TheHill|date=12 August 2014}}
36. ^{{cite news|title=U.S. has 'little influence’ after student is sentenced in N. Korea|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/national/us-has-little-influence-in-case-of-student-sentenced-to-hard-labor-in-north-korea-law-professor/2016/03/18/4a90ca28-ed17-11e5-a9ce-681055c7a05f_video.html|work=Washington Post|agency=Reuters|date=17 March 2016}}
37. ^{{cite news|last1=Purdum|first1=Todd S.|title=A NATION AT WAR: THE CASUALTIES; Delicate Calculus of Casualties and Public Opinion|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/27/us/nation-war-casualties-delicate-calculus-casualties-public-opinion.html|accessdate=29 November 2017|work=The New York Times|date=27 March 2003}}
38. ^{{cite news|last1=Lichtblau|first1=Eric|last2=Liptak|first2=Adam|title=Bush Presses On in Legal Defense for Wiretapping|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/28/politics/bush-presses-on-in-legal-defense-for-wiretapping.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=46A383E4720D58A8092FB8D12C25F75C&gwt=pay|accessdate=29 November 2017|work=The New York Times|date=28 January 2006}}
39. ^{{cite web|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=The Myth of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304211804577500870076728362|website=Wall Street Journal|accessdate=29 November 2017|date=11 July 2012}}
40. ^{{cite web|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=Why Judge Leon's NSA Ruling Is Wrong|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-judge-leon8217s-nsa-ruling-is-wrong-1387324337|website=Wall Street Journal|accessdate=29 November 2017|date=18 December 2013}}
41. ^{{cite web|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=FISA vs. the Constitution|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB113573858850532715|website=Wall Street Journal|accessdate=29 November 2017|date=28 December 2005}}
42. ^{{cite web|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=The Truth About Jefferson|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB994117953532119854|website=Wall Street Journal|accessdate=29 November 2017|date=3 July 2001}}
43. ^{{cite web|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=No Due ProcessFor Enemy Combatants|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB103031147770277435|website=WSJ|accessdate=29 November 2017}}
44. ^{{cite web|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=From the Beirut Bombing to 9/11|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122471885255160613|website=Wall Street Journal|date=23 October 2008}}
45. ^{{cite web|last1=Turner|first1=P. X. Kelley and Robert F.|title=P.X. Kelley and Robert F. Turner - War Crimes and the White House|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/25/AR2007072501881.html|website=The Washington Post|accessdate=29 November 2017|date=26 July 2007}}
46. ^{{cite web|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=SKIRTING THE LAW ON CAPITOL HILL|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1995/02/05/skirting-the-law-on-capitol-hill/6c22fd95-566a-45bc-986c-ad13bbaff4ca/|website=Washington Post|date=5 February 1995}}
47. ^{{cite web|last1=Kelley|first1=P. X.|last2=Turner|first2=Robert F.|title=OUT OF HARM'S WAY|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1994/10/23/out-of-harms-way/1d84ea7d-b634-4df0-aa40-dca899f1a9a6/|website=Washington Post|date=23 October 1994}}
48. ^{{cite web|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=Congress Can't Keep A Secret|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/10/12/congress-cant-keep-a-secret/fb82bf79-b782-47f4-a899-dadea916182b/|website=Washington Post|accessdate=29 November 2017|date=12 October 2001}}
49. ^{{cite web|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=Calm down and consider the facts: Opposing view|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2014/01/17/nsa-president-obama-constitution-telephone-metadata-editorials-debates/4589595/|website=USA TODAY|accessdate=29 November 2017|language=en}}
50. ^{{cite news|last1=Tilove|first1=Johnathan|title=Vietnam War Summit at LBJ Library examines complex, tragic legacy|url=http://www.mystatesman.com/news/vietnam-war-summit-lbj-library-examines-complex-tragic-legacy/NduOBWo7mJjv2jCbeHUIvN/|accessdate=29 November 2017|work=mystatesman|publisher=The Austin American-Statesman|date=23 April 2016|language=en}}
51. ^{{cite web|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=Saigon’s Fall Still Echoes Today|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/saigons-fall-still-echoes-today-1430348832|website=Wall Street Journal|accessdate=29 November 2017|date=29 April 2015}}
52. ^{{cite news|last1=Turner|first1=Robert F.|title=ISSUES 1972|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/10/24/archives/bloodbaths-in-vietnam-the-reality-and-the-myth.html|accessdate=29 November 2017|work=The New York Times|date=24 October 1972}}
53. ^{{cite news|last1=Carroll|first1=John S.|title=After we get out, will there be|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/10/15/archives/after-we-get-out-will-there-be-a-bloodbath-in-south-vietnam-the.html|accessdate=29 November 2017|work=The New York Times|date=15 October 1972}}
54. ^{{cite web|title=Robert F. Turner: How the Vietnam War Started|url=http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/109257|website=historynewsnetwork.org|language=en}}
55. ^{{cite web|title=Legislative Search Results|url=https://www.congress.gov/search?q=%7B%22source%22%3A%22congrecord%22%2C%22search%22%3A%22%5C%22Robert%20F.%20Turner%5C%22%22%7D&searchResultViewType=expanded|website=Congress.gov|publisher=Congressional Record|accessdate=30 November 2017}}
56. ^{{cite web|title=Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C44&q=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22&btnG=|website=scholar.google.com|accessdate=30 November 2017}}
57. ^{{cite web|title=Search for Robert F. Turner cties|url=https://provost.indiana.edu/search/?q=%22Robert%20F.%20Turner%22|website=Office of the Provost & Executive Vice President|publisher=Indiana University|accessdate=1 December 2017}}
58. ^{{cite web|title=Search for Robert F. Turner cites|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/do/search/?q=%22Robert%20F.%20Turner%22&start=0&context=845658&facet=|website=digitalcommons.law.yale.edu|publisher=Yale Law School|accessdate=1 December 2017|language=en}}
59. ^{{cite web|title=Search for Robert F. Turner cites|url=http://www.law.georgetown.edu/search.cfm?q=%22Robert+F.+Turner%22|website=www.law.georgetown.edu|publisher=Georgetown Law|accessdate=1 December 2017|language=en}}
60. ^{{cite web|title=Board of Directors :: Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy|url=http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/bod.php|website=www.thomasjeffersoninst.org|accessdate=30 November 2017}}
61. ^{{cite web|title=THE 2010 SACEI PERSON OF THE YEAR AWARD|url=https://www.sacei07.org/2010_SACEI%20Man%20of%20the%20year.pdf|website=SACEI07.org|publisher=Saigon Arts, Culture & Entertainment Institute|accessdate=1 December 2017}}

External links

  • {{C-SPAN|robertturner}}
  • [https://www.c-span.org/organization/?1881/Center-National-Security-Law Center for National Security Law C-SPAN videos]
{{Jurisprudence}}{{Authority control}}{{Portal bar|Law|United States}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Turner, Robert F.}}

10 : Jurisprudence academics|American lawyers|United States constitutional law scholars|University of Virginia faculty|Living people|International law scholars|American legal writers|University of Virginia alumni|Indiana University alumni|1944 births
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