| 词条 | Robert Orme (soldier) |
| 释义 |
Robert Orme (c.1725 – 1781 or 1790) was a British soldier who took part in the Battle of the Monongahela in July 1755, at the beginning of the French and Indian War, during which he was shot. He served with the young George Washington, with whom he became friends, and soon after his return to England in 1755 was painted by Joshua Reynolds. Early lifeRobert Orme was born around 1725.[3] His family origins are unknown but he is not thought to have been of aristocratic birth.[4] CareerOrme entered the British army as an ensign in the 35th Regiment of Foot but transferred to the Coldstream Guards in 1745. He became a lieutenant in that regiment in 1751.[5] By the time of the French and Indian War, Orme was aide-de-camp to General Edward Braddock. Although officially a lieutenant, he became a brevet captain and was known as Captain Orme.[1] Also serving as an aide to Braddock was George Washington who wished to acquire military experience and with whom Orme became friends.[6] In 1755, Braddock was engaged in a push by British and American forces towards Fort Duquesne, in what is now Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania, which was held by French opposing forces. In July that year, Braddock's army was decisively ambushed by a smaller French and native Indian force in the Battle of the Monongahela with the loss of nearly 900 British and American soldiers. Braddock was mortally wounded and Orme shot in the leg. Some of the dead were scalped by the Native American allies of the French and their scalps nailed to trees in order to terrify the British. Orme escaped in the disorderly retreat and returned to England in 1755, becoming something of a celebrity as a survivor of the massacre.[3] He resigned from the army in 1756.[1] Orme's account of the campaign was published in 1856 in an edition edited by Winthrop Sargent of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.[4] FamilyAfter his return to England, Orme resigned his commission in the army[7] and eloped with Audrey Townshend (died 1781),[8] the only daughter of Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend of Raynham and his wife Audrey, Lady Townshend.[4] DeathOrme died in 1790 according to modern sources,[3] or in February 1781 according to a source published in 1856.[4] See also
References1. ^1 2 [https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/sir-joshua-reynolds-captain-robert-orme Captain Robert Orme.] National Gallery. Retrieved 5 May 2016. 2. ^Major-General Braddock's death at the Battle of Monongahela, 9 July 1755. Canadian Military History Gateway. Retrieved 6 May 2016. 3. ^1 2 "Robert Orme 1756" by Mark Hallett in Martin Postle (Ed.) (2005) Joshua Reynolds: The creation of celebrity. London: Tate Publishing. pp. 89 & 96. {{ISBN|1854375644}} 4. ^1 2 3 [https://archive.org/stream/historyofexpedit00sarg#page/284/mode/2up "Captain Orme's Journal"] by Robert Orme in Winthrop Sargent (Ed.) (1856) The history of an expedition against Fort Du Quesne, in 1755; under Major-General Edward Braddock &c. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. pp. 281–358. 5. ^{{cite book|title=A list of the general and field-officers, as they rank in the army &c. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SPMNAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA30|year=1756|publisher=J. Millan|location=London|page=30}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Clary, David A.|title=George Washington's first war: His early military adventures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cq7Mwvru8nAC&pg=PA133|year=2011|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4391-8112-6|page=133}} 7. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKB0BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA268 Fordham, p. 268.] 8. ^"Townshend, Etheldreda, Viscountess Townshend (c.1708–1788)" by John Martin in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004. Online edition, Jan 2008. Retrieved 6 May 2016. External links
7 : Coldstream Guards officers|British military personnel of the French and Indian War|1720s births|Year of birth uncertain|Year of death uncertain|1780s deaths|1790s deaths |
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