| 词条 | Alexander Vilenkin |
| 释义 |
Alexander Vilenkin ({{lang-ru|Алекса́ндр Виле́нкин}}; {{lang-uk|Олександр Віленкін}}; born 13 May 1949, in Kharkiv,[1] Ukraine, Soviet Union) is Professor of Physics and Director of the Institute of Cosmology at Tufts University. A theoretical physicist who has been working in the field of cosmology for 25 years, Vilenkin has written over 150 papers.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} Soon after{{when|date=July 2018}} Paul Steinhardt presented the first model of eternal inflation, Vilenkin showed that eternal inflation is generic.[2] Furthermore, working with Arvin Borde and Alan Guth, he showed that a period of inflation must have a beginning and that a period of time must precede it.[3] This represents a problem for the theory of inflation because, without a theory to explain conditions before inflation, it is not possible to determine how likely it is for inflation to have occurred. Evidence exists{{clarify|date=July 2018}} to suggest that the probability is very small, resulting in an initial conditions problem.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} He also introduced the idea of quantum creation of the universe from a quantum vacuum. Moreover, his work in cosmic strings has been pivotal.{{clarify|date=July 2018}} {{according to whom|date=July 2018}} As an undergraduate studying physics at the University of Kharkiv, Vilenkin turned down a job offer from the KGB, causing him being blacklisted from pursuing a graduate degree.[4][5] Then he was drafted onto a building brigade and later worked at the state zoo as a night watchman while conducting physics research in his spare time.[4][6] In 1976, Vilenkin immigrated to the United States as a Jewish refugee,[6] obtaining his Ph.D. at Buffalo. His work has been featured in numerous newspaper and magazine articles in the United States, Europe, Soviet Union, and Japan, and in many popular books.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} Books
Notes1. ^American Men and Women of Science, Thompson Gale, 2005. 2. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Vilenkin | first1 = Alexander | year = 1983 | title = Birth of Inflationary Universes | url = http://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.27.2848 | journal = Phys. Rev. D | volume = 27 | issue = 12 | pages = 2848–2855 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.27.2848|bibcode = 1983PhRvD..27.2848V }} 3. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Borde | first1 = Arvin | last2= Guth| first2= Alan| last3= Vilenkin|first3= Alexander| year = 2003 | title = Inflationary Spacetimes Are Incomplete in Past Directions | url =http://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.151301 | journal = Phys. Rev. Lett. | volume = 90 | issue = 15 | page = 151301 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.151301 |arxiv = gr-qc/0110012 |bibcode = 2003PhRvL..90o1301B | pmid=12732026}} 4. ^1 MENCONI, DAVID. "TO FIND HERSELF AS A MUSICIAN, ALINA SIMONE FIRST HAD TO FIND HER RUSSIAN ROOTS", Tufts Magazine, 2010. 5. ^Freedman, David H. "The Mediocre Universe", Discover Magazine, 01 February 1996. 6. ^1 STOBER, DAN. "[https://news.stanford.edu/news/2009/april1/hofstadter-lecture-tufts-cosmologist-alexander-vilenkin-040109.html Physicist: Universes pop up ad infinitum]", Stanford News, 01 April 2009. External links
9 : 1949 births|Living people|Ukrainian physicists|21st-century American physicists|Soviet emigrants to the United States|University of Kharkiv alumni|Tufts University faculty|American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent|Cosmologists |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。