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词条 Rodent mite dermatitis
释义

  1. Symptoms

  2. Diagnosis

  3. Treatment

  4. Epidemiology

  5. See also

  6. References

{{Redirect|Rat mite dermatitis|similar conditions|Acariasis}}Rodent mite dermatitis (also known as rat mite dermatitis) is an often unrecognized ectoparasitosis occurring after human contact with haematophagous mesostigmatid mites that infest rodents, such has house mice,[1] rats[2] and hamsters.[3] The condition is associated with the tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti), spiny rat mite (Laelaps echidnina) and house-mouse mite (Liponyssoides sanguineus)[4] which opportunistically feed on humans. Rodent mites are capable of surviving for long periods without feeding and travelling long distances when seeking hosts.[4] Cases have been reported in homes, libraries,[5] hospitals[6] and care homes.[7] A similar condition, known as gamasoidosis, is caused by avian mites.[8]

Symptoms

Rodent mite bites leave multiple groups or individual small itchy papules (around 1–2 mm in diameter)[7] on the skin (papular urticaria).[9][10] These are found mostly "on the upper extremities, neck, upper trunk and face".[7]

Diagnosis

Diagnosis requires species identification of the parasite, which will be likely to be found in the environment of its host rather than on the hosts’ skin.[10] Rodent mites are very small, for O. bacoti "female mites reach a size between 0.75 and 1.40 mm, males are a little smaller".[7]

Treatment

The original rodent host of the mites must be located and eradicated,[11] and their nests removed.[17] Steps should also be taken to prevent future infestations, such as by blocking the rodents means of entry into the building. The patient's environment should then be treated,[10] using both non-residual and residual insecticides, mites crawling in the open can be removed by vacuuming or with a cloth moistened with alcohol.[12]

Bites can be treated with antihistamines and corticosteroids, to relieve the associated itching and allergic reactions.[7]

Epidemiology

L. sanguineus has been implicated in the spread of Rickettsialpox.[13]

See also

  • Acariasis
  • Gamasoidosis

References

1. ^{{Cite journal|last=Reeves|first=Will K.|last2=Cobb|first2=Kristin D.|date=2005-07-01|title=Ectoparasites of House Mice (Mus musculus) from Pet Stores in South Carolina, U.S.A|journal=Comparative Parasitology|volume=72|issue=2|pages=193–195|doi=10.1654/4178|issn=1525-2647}}
2. ^{{Cite journal|last=Engel|first=Peter M.|last2=Welzel|first2=J.|last3=Maass|first3=M.|last4=Schramm|first4=U.|last5=Wolff|first5=H. H.|date=1998|title=Tropical Rat Mite Dermatitis: Case Report and Review|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|language=en|volume=27|issue=6|pages=1465–1469|doi=10.1086/515016|issn=1058-4838}}
3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Creel|first=Naomi B.|last2=Crowe|first2=Mark A.|last3=Mullen|first3=Gary R.|date=2003|title=Pet hamsters as a source of rat mite dermatitis|journal=Cutis|volume=71|issue=6|pages=457–461|issn=0011-4162|pmid=12839256}}
4. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Watson|first=J.|date=2008-01-01|title=New Building, Old Parasite: Mesostigmatid Mites--An Ever-Present Threat to Barrier Rodent Facilities|journal=ILAR Journal|language=en|volume=49|issue=3|pages=303–309|doi=10.1093/ilar.49.3.303|issn=1084-2020}}
5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Chung|first=Sang Lip|last2=Hwang|first2=Sung Joo|last3=Kwon|first3=Soon Baek|last4=Kim|first4=Do Won|last5=Jun|first5=Jae Bok|last6=Cho|first6=Baik Kee|date=1998|title=Outbreak of rat mite dermatitis in medical students|journal=International Journal of Dermatology|language=en|volume=37|issue=8|pages=591–594|doi=10.1046/j.1365-4362.1998.00558.x|issn=0011-9059}}
6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Haggard|first=Carl N.|date=1955-03-01|title=Rat Mite Dermatitis in Children|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/15/3/322|journal=Pediatrics|language=en|volume=15|issue=3|pages=322–324|issn=0031-4005|pmid=14356805}}
7. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite journal|last=Baumstark|first=J.|last2=Beck|first2=W.|last3=Hofmann|first3=H.|date=2007|title=Outbreak of Tropical Rat Mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) Dermatitis in a Home for Disabled Persons|journal=Dermatology|language=english|volume=215|issue=1|pages=66–68|doi=10.1159/000102037|pmid=17587843|issn=1018-8665}}
8. ^{{Cite journal|last=Kowalska|first=M.|last2=Kupis|first2=B.|date=1976|title=Gamasoidosis (gamasidiosis)-not infrequent skin reactions, frequently unrecognized|journal=Polish Medical Sciences and History Bulletin|volume=15-16|issue=4|pages=391–394|issn=0301-0236|pmid=826895}}
9. ^{{Cite journal|last=Engel|first=P. M.|last2=Welzel|first2=J.|last3=Maass|first3=M.|last4=Schramm|first4=U.|last5=Wolff|first5=H. H.|date=1998|title=Tropical rat mite dermatitis: case report and review|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=27|issue=6|pages=1465–1469|issn=1058-4838|pmid=9868661|doi=10.1086/515016}}
10. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|date=2007-11-01|title=Tropical Rat Mites as newly emerging disease pathogens in rodents and man|journal=Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease|language=en|volume=5|issue=6|pages=403|doi=10.1016/j.tmaid.2007.09.016|issn=1477-8939|last1=Beck|first1=W.}}
11. ^{{Cite journal|last=Fox|first=James G.|date=1982-09-01|title=Outbreak of Tropical Rat Mite Dermatitis in Laboratory Personnel|journal=Archives of Dermatology|language=en|volume=118|issue=9|pages=676|doi=10.1001/archderm.1982.01650210056019|issn=0003-987X}}
12. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://entomology.ca.uky.edu/ef637|title=Parasitic Mites of Humans {{!}} Entomology|website=entomology.ca.uky.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-06-05}}
13. ^{{Cite journal|last=Azad|first=A. F.|last2=Beard|first2=C. B.|date=1998|title=Rickettsial pathogens and their arthropod vectors | journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=4|issue=2|pages=179–186 |pmc=2640117|pmid=9621188|doi=10.3201/eid0402.980205}}

2 : Dermatitis|Rodents
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