词条 | Roger Morigi | ||||
释义 |
Roger (Ruggiero) Morigi (4 October 1907 – 12 January 1995) was an Italian-born American stone carver and architectural sculptor, who made major contributions to Washington National Cathedral and other Washington, D.C. buildings. He was the teacher and mentor of sculptor Frederick Hart. The National Cathedral's Master Carver Gargoyle, modeled and carved by John Guarente in the 1960s, is a caricature of Morigi. Early careerHe was born in Bisuschio, Lombardy, the son of Napoleone and Josephine Ronchetti Morigi.[1] He apprenticed under his stone carver father, beginning at age 11,[2] and studied at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Bari in Milan.[3] He emigrated to the United States in 1927, and worked with his father on projects in New Haven, Connecticut and elsewhere.[2] He was hired as a carver by the John Donnelly Company,[5] and moved to Washington, D.C. in 1932 to work on the U.S. Supreme Court Building.[3] Morigi carved the 8 marble relief panels on the twin lampstands that flank the Supreme Court's plaza,[7] and may have carved the marble portions of the twin flagpole bases.[4] He did interior work on the building,[7] including carving in marble sculptor Adolph A. Weinman's larger-than-life relief sculpture of Moses[7]—one of eighteen figures in the Courtroom's Great Lawmakers of History Frieze.[5] Sculptor C. Paul Jennewein modeled The Four Elements, a set of Art Deco female nudes, for the fifth-floor lobby of what is now the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building.[6] Morigi carved the allegorical figures in limestone, assisted by Bruno Mankowshi and William Kapp.[5]{{rp|41–42}} They all collaborated (with Otto Thieleman) on carving in limestone Jennewein's architrave over the building's Constitution Avenue entrance.[5]{{rp|19–20}} For the entrance to what is now the E. Barrett Prettyman Federal Courthouse, Jennewein modeled the Trylon of Freedom, a 24-foot (7.32 m), three-sided freestanding column.[15] Each side represented a branch of the federal government, illustrated in relief vignettes. Morigi was its principal carver, with assistance from contractor Vincent Torelli. Jennewein also modeled 4 half-life-sized allegorical figures representing The Four Freedoms for one of the courtrooms, and Morigi carved them in marble. Washington National CathedralMorigi began work as a carver at the National Cathedral in 1950, and was promoted to master carver in 1956, a position he held for 22 years.[7] "Highly respected, he was a temperamental perfectionist who didn't tolerate incompetence and wasn't shy about sharing his opinions."[7] Sculptor Heinz Warneke modeled the tympanum for the South Portal. It featured a tableau of The Last Supper and a three-panel frieze of The Road to Emmaus. Morigi (with Edward H. Ratti) carved the limestone tympanum in situ from scaffolding.[18] Warneke modeled his Saint Alban trumeau figure for the pier below it, and Morigi carved the figure in limestone.[19] Morigi himself later modeled and carved in situ (with Frank Zic) the 44 angels of the Nature of Christ archivolt, that surround the tympanum.[20] Warneke also modeled and Morigi carved a piece in memory of Joseph Ratti, one of the Cathedral's carvers, who died in a 1955 fall from scaffolding.[8] Located inside the South Transept, the memorial stone depicts Ratti carving a never-to-be-finished gargoyle.[9] Sculptor Walker Hancock modeled the altarpiece for the Good Shepherd Chapel, and Morigi carved it in limestone.[10] Hancock would later model the central figure of Christ in Majesty for the High Altar, which Morigi carved in limestone (with Frank Zic).[11] In the 1950s and 1960s, Morigi carved the Saints of All Nations series, a set of half-life-sized limestone niche figures.[12] Many of these were modeled by sculptor Marian Brackenridge, three by William McVey, two by Hancock, and the rest by a variety of sculptors. Each figure took Morigi about a month to carve.[13] They were installed on ornate corbels above the pointed arches of the Nave's north and south side aisles. Frederick HartAfter being rejected several times by Morigi, a 23-year-old Frederick Hart began an apprenticeship under him in 1967.[27] Morigi started his student with minor challenges, carving floral or geometric work or ceiling bosses, and gradually gave him more responsibility.[27]{{rp|3}} Morigi encouraged him to enter the 1971 design competition to create the three tympana for the West Portal. After three years, and multiple rounds of revisions, Hart was awarded the commission.[14] Hart's famous design for the central tympanum, Ex Nihilo, featured nebulous figures floating in a swirling mass.[27] Morigi carved Hart's related trumeau figure of Adam (1974–78) – eyes closed, not yet fully formed, "still in a state of becoming"[15] – for the pier between the Cathedral's main doors.[16] Adam was the last work Morigi completed prior to retirement—he quipped: "I finished where God began."[17] PersonalVincent Palumbo succeeded Morigi as the Cathedral's master carver in 1978. Folklorist Marjorie Hunt spent years interviewing the carvers, and made them the subject of her PhD dissertation.[2] She interviewed Morigi and Palumbo in The Stone Carvers: Master Craftsmen of Washington National Cathedral, a 1984 documentary film by Paul Wagner, that won the 1985 Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject.[18] Hunt adapted her work into a 1999 book.[2] Morigi lived in Hyattsville, Maryland, with his wife Louise and children Francis and Elayne.[3] He was an avid golfer. Carver John Guarente caricatured Morigi in a 1960s gargoyle, portraying him as a devil holding carving tools and wearing a golf cap.[7] To depict his notorious temper, Guarente carved a mushroom cloud bursting out of the top of his head.[19] "The Master Carver Gargoyle" is now one of the Cathedral's most popular sculptures.[7] Morigi died January 12, 1995, of emphysema.[17] Quotes
Selected worksWashington, D.C. Federal BuildingsUnited States Supreme Court Building
Washington National Cathedral
References1. ^Regina Soria, American Artists of Italian Heritage, 1776–1945: A Biographical Dictionary (Fairleigh Dickinson Press, 1993), p. 126. 2. ^1 2 3 Marjorie Hunt, The Stone Carvers: Master Craftsmen of Washington National Cathedral (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999). 3. ^1 2 [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/16/obituaries/roger-morigi-87-master-stone-carver.html?mcubz=0 Obituary: "Roger Morigi, 87, Master Stone Carver,"] The New York Times, January 16, 1995. 4. ^[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1R0342031S754.17897&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!16709~!2&ri=18&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Donnelly,+John,+1867-1947,+sculptor.&index=AUTHOR&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=18 Supreme Court flagpole bases,] from SIRIS. 5. ^[https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/northandsouthwalls.pdf Courtroom Friezes: South and North Walls, (PDF)] from Supreme Court of the United States. 6. ^[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1503S179396M8.17848&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!30475~!184&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Jennewein&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Department of Justice Building: Four Elements,] from SIRIS. 7. ^1 2 [https://cathedral.org/what-to-see/exterior/master-carver-gargoyle-2/ The Master Carver Gargoyle,] from Washington National Cathedral. 8. ^R. Andrew Bittner, Building Washington National Cathedral (Arcadia Publishing, 2015), p. 57. 9. ^Wendy True Gasch, Guide to Gargoyles and Other Grotesques (Washington National Cathedral, 2003). 10. ^[https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2657/4003159761_6a03e3ef62_b.jpg The Good Shepherd altarpiece,] from Flickr. 11. ^[https://cathedral.org/what-to-see/interior/high-altar-3/ High Altar,] from Washington National Cathedral. 12. ^The Methodist Woman, May 1966, pp. 260-61. 13. ^Jo Fischer, "Capital Cathedral Gets Statue," The Troy Record, May 23, 1957, p. 4. 14. ^Frederick Quinn, A House of Prayer for All People: A History of Washington National Cathedral (New York: Church Publishing, Inc., 2014), p. 143. 15. ^1 2 3 Michael Novak, Frederick Hart: Changing Tides (Hudson Hill Press, 2005), p. 27. 16. ^[https://cathedral.org/what-to-see/exterior/ex-nihilo/ Ex Nihilo,] from Washington National Cathedral. 17. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1995/01/13/stone-carver-r-morigi-dies/584f9fe5-b7b0-4f5d-88d2-29799a5d0b24/ Obituary: "Stone Carver R. Morigi Dies,"] The Washington Post, January 13, 1995. 18. ^[https://shop.cathedral.org/a552/the-stone-carvers-master-craftsmen-of-washington-national-cathedral-dvd.html?_ga=1.100022684.345066923.1479925669 The Stone Carvers,] from Washington National Cathedral. 19. ^Ken Ringle, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPcap/1999-11/18/101r-111899-idx.html "Carving out a niche at the Cathedral,"] The Washington Post, November 18, 1999. 20. ^William H. Shore, The Cathedral Within: Transforming Your Life by Giving Something Back (Random House, 2001), p. 268. 21. ^1 2 3 4 Marjorie Hunt, "Delight in Skill: The Stone Carvers' Art," in The Individual and Tradition: Folkloric Perspectives, Ray Cashman, et al., eds., (Indiana University Press, 2011), pp. 47-69. 22. ^Tony Mauro, "The Supreme Court's Own Commandments," Legal Times, March 2, 2005. 23. ^1 2 George Gurney, Sculpture and the Federal Triangle (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1985). 24. ^[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1503S179396M8.17848&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!20431~!3&ri=4&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=John+Donnelly,+Inc.,+carver.&index=AUTHOR&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=4 Transmission of the Mail,] from SIRIS. 25. ^1 2 3 4 U.S. Department of Justice, [https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/jmd/legacy/2014/06/30/75RFKBuilding.pdf The Robert F. Kennedy Building: Celebrating Art and Architecture on the 75th Anniversary, 1934–2009 (PDF)] 26. ^[https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--t4gIglSd9o/WPfbG3TR_AI/AAAAAAAAZwY/bQ0ljuGg_GouSWzPt-G7O7K1NJ2FIBCHACLcB/s400/7%2Ba-%2Bwater%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2B4%2Belements.JPG Water by C. Paul Jennewein,] Inside the Justice Department. 27. ^1 [https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=15033JC983V19.16660&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!30443~!0&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=morigi&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Trylon of Freedom,] from SIRIS. 28. ^1 [https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=150332T934OK1.16638&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!6558~!3&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=morigi&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 The Last Supper,] from SIRIS. 29. ^1 [https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=AK033U4440375.16628&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!6557~!2&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=morigi&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 St. Alban,] from SIRIS. 30. ^1 2 [https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=15O332R0H8900.16604&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!6559~!1&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=morigi&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 South Portal Figures,] from SIRIS. 31. ^[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=CH03C26112345.2450&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!6548~!7&ri=11&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Washington+National+Cathedral,+Public+Affairs,+Washington,+District+of+Columbia&index=OWNER&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=11 St. Andrew,] from SIRIS. 32. ^[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=CH03C26112345.2450&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!6549~!8&ri=13&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Washington+National+Cathedral,+Public+Affairs,+Washington,+District+of+Columbia&index=OWNER&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=13 John Calvin,] from SIRIS. 33. ^[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=CH03C26112345.2450&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!6545~!4&ri=5&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Washington+National+Cathedral,+Public+Affairs,+Washington,+District+of+Columbia&index=OWNER&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=5 Joan of Arc,] from SIRIS. 34. ^[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=CH03C26112345.2450&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!6547~!6&ri=9&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Washington+National+Cathedral,+Public+Affairs,+Washington,+District+of+Columbia&index=OWNER&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=9 St. Patrick,] from SIRIS. 35. ^[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=CH03C26112345.2450&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!6546~!5&ri=7&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Washington+National+Cathedral,+Public+Affairs,+Washington,+District+of+Columbia&index=OWNER&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=7 St. Francis of Assisi,] from SIRIS. 36. ^[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=CH03C26112345.2450&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!6544~!10&ri=19&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Washington+National+Cathedral,+Public+Affairs,+Washington,+District+of+Columbia&index=OWNER&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=19 St. Stephen,] from SIRIS. 37. ^[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=CH03C26112345.2450&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!16996~!19&ri=19&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Washington+National+Cathedral,+Public+Affairs,+Washington,+District+of+Columbia&index=OWNER&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=19 St. Olaf,] from SIRIS. 38. ^American–Scandinavian Review, May 1963, p. 300. 39. ^[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=CH03C26112345.2450&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!19955~!14&ri=19&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Washington+National+Cathedral,+Public+Affairs,+Washington,+District+of+Columbia&index=OWNER&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=19 St. Teresa,] from SIRIS. 40. ^Ulrich Zwingli from SIRIS. 41. ^[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=CH03C26112345.2450&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!6550~!9&ri=15&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Washington+National+Cathedral,+Public+Affairs,+Washington,+District+of+Columbia&index=OWNER&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=15 Isabella Thoburn,] from SIRIS. 42. ^Martin Luther from SIRIS. 43. ^1 2 "William M. McVey," Who's Who in American Art – 1973 (Jacques Cattell Press, 1973), p. 532. 44. ^1 Louis A. Pitschmann, et al., Scholar's Guide to Washington, D.C. (Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1985), p. 142. 45. ^[https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/fb/5d/46/fb5d46509835dcf778d7dce94184071d.jpg Good Shepherd Chapel,] from Pinterest. 46. ^[https://cathedral.org/what-to-see/interior/george-washington-bay/ George Washington Bay,] from Washington National Cathedral. External links
9 : 1907 births|1995 deaths|American architectural sculptors|Italian emigrants to the United States|People from Milan|People from Hyattsville, Maryland|Stone carvers|Deaths from emphysema|American sculptors of Italian descent |
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