| 词条 | Alexandria Bucephalous |
| 释义 |
| name = Alexandria Bucephalous | settlement_type = City | image_map = AlexanderIndiaMap.jpg | map_caption = Alexandria Bucephalous, or Bucephala (center right), was located on the Hydaspes river, north of nearby Nicaea across the river. | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Pakistan | unit_pref = Metric | population_density_km2 = auto }} Alexandria Bucephalous (also variously known as Alexandria Bucephalus, Alexandria Bucephala, Bucephala, or Bucephalia), was a city founded by Alexander the Great in memory of his beloved horse Bucephalus.[1][2] Founded in May 326 BC, the town was located on the Hydaspes (Jhelum River), east of the Indus River.[2] Bucephalus had died after the Battle of the Hydaspes in 326 BC. The garrison was settled with Greek and Iranian veterans and Pauravas locals.[2] It had large dockyards, suggesting it was intended as a center of commerce. Alexandria Bucephalous remained a significant centre for some time, as it is mentioned in the Metz Epitome and shown on the late Roman Peutinger Table map. The 1st-century Periplus of the Erythraean Sea reads: {{quote|The country inland of Barigaza is inhabited by numerous tribes, such as the Arattii, the Arachosii, the Gandaraei and the people of Poclais, in which is Bucephalus Alexandria.|Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 47[2]}}Around 17 cities were named with the pre-name "Alexandria" during the period. Across the river, the nearby town of Alexandria Nicaea was also founded on the battle site at that time.[3][4] Alexander founded nearly 20 towns,[3] but also renamed others for a total of about 70 towns reportedly (Pliny) named by him.[3] LocationThe exact site of the city is still unknown but several locations have been proposed:
Further supporting this location is the claim by the residents of Mong and nearby Phalia that their towns are Nicaea and Bucephala.
Local historian Mansoor Behzad Butt of Gujrat District supports the idea Bucephalus was buried in Jalalpur Sharif.
See also
Notes1. ^"The History of Alexander the Great", Pseudo-Callisthenes, Ernest Alfred Wallis, 1889, p.161 (see below: References). 2. ^Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, Fordham.edu, webpage: Fordham-edu-periplus 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 "Alexander the Great: his towns", Jona Lendering, Livius.org, 2007 (see below: References): states "Nicaea and Bucephala: twin foundation of permanent garrisons on opposite banks" of Hydaspes (Jhelum river), "founded in May 326 on the battle field"; plus "Settled with Greek & Iranian veterans & natives" and might be "modern Jhelum" in Pakistan; towns had "large dockyards" suggesting they were centers of commerce. 4. ^Ian Worthington. [https://books.google.com/books?id=OiM51I7_A1gC&pg=PA175&dq=Alexander+Nicaea+Punjab&hl=en&ei=6RM3TMPYMsH6lweKuODTBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Alexander%20Nicaea%20Punjab&f=false Alexander the Great: a reader]. Illustrated edition, reprint Publisher Routledge, 2003, {{ISBN|0415291860}}, {{ISBN|978-0-415-29186-6}}. p. 175 References{{commons category multi|Jhelum|Gujrat District}}
7 : Cities founded by Alexander the Great|Populated places established in the 4th century BC|320s BC establishments|Former populated places in Pakistan|Jhelum|Bactrian and Indian Hellenistic period|Populated places along the Silk Road |
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