“Alexandros Mavrokordatos”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Alexandros Mavrokordatos ({{lang-el|Αλέξανδρος Μαυροκορδάτος}}; 11 February 1791{{snd}}18 August 1865) was a Greek statesman and member of the Mavrocordatos family of Phanariotes.

Biography

In 1812, Mavrokordatos went to the court of his uncle John George Caradja, Hospodar of Wallachia, with whom he passed into exile in the Austrian Empire (1818), where he studied at the University of Padua. He was a member of the Filiki Eteria and was among the Phanariot Greeks who hastened to Morea on the outbreak of the War of Independence in 1821.^[1] At the time of the beginning of the revolution, Mavrokordatos was living in Pisa with the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley and his wife Mary Shelley, and upon hearing of the revolution, Mavrokordatos headed to Marseilles to buy arms and a ship to take him back to Greece.^[2] Mavrokordatos was a very wealthy, well educated man, fluent in seven languages, whose experience in ruling Wallachia led many to look towards him as a future leader of Greece.^[3] Unlike many of the Greek leaders, Mavrokordators who had lived in the West, preferred to wear Western clothing and looked towards the West as a political model for Greece.^[4] The American philhellene Samuel Gridley Howe described Mavrokordatos:

He commanded the advance of the Greeks into western Central Greece the same year, and suffered a serious defeat at Peta on 16 July, but retrieved this disaster somewhat by his successful resistance to the First Siege of Missolonghi (Nov. 1822 to Jan. 1823).^[1] At Peta, Mavokordatos wanted a victory by his philhellene units and his Greek soldiers trained by the German philhellene Karl von Normann-Ehrenfels to show the advantages of professional military training to the Greeks.^[12] Mavorkordatos appointed Normann-Ehrenfels, formerly a captain in the Wurttemberg army his chief of staff.^[13] At the Argos assembly in 1823, Mavrokordhatos did not seek office again, but had himself appointed as general secretary of the Executive, which made him responsible for the flow of paperwork both to and from the Executive.^[14] In 1823, Mavokordatos supported the Senate in its dispute with the Executive dominated by supporters of his rival Theodoros Kolokotronis.^[15] In 1824, Mavrokordatos welcomed Lord Byron to Greece and tried to persuade him to lead an attack on Navpaktos.^[16] In 1824, Mavorokordhatos backed a plot by the American philhellene George Jarvis and the Scottish philhellene Thomas Fenton to murder his rival Odysseas Androutsos and Androutsos's brother-in-law Edward John Trelawny.^[17]

Mavorokordhatos's English sympathies brought him, in the subsequent strife of factions, into opposition to the "Russian" party headed by Demetrius Ypsilanti and Kolokotronis; and though he held the portfolio of foreign affairs for a short while under the presidency of Petrobey (Petros Mavromichalis), he was compelled to withdraw from affairs until February 1825, when he again became a Secretary of State. The landing of Ibrahim Pasha followed, and Mavrocordatos again joined the army, barely escaping capture in the disaster at Sphacteria, on 9 May 1825, on board the ship Ares.^[1]

After the fall of Missolonghi (22 April 1826) he went into retirement, until President John Capodistria made him a member of the committee for the administration of war material, a position he resigned in 1828. After Kapodistria's murder (9 October 1831) and the resignation of his brother and successor, Augustinos Kapodistrias (13 April 1832), Mavrocordatos became Minister of Finance. He was Vice-President of the National Assembly at Argos (July 1832), and was appointed by King Otto as his Minister of Finance, and in 1833 Premier.^[1]

From 1834 onwards, he was Greek envoy at Munich, Berlin, London and, after a short interlude again as Premier of Greece in 1841, he was appointed envoy to Constantinople. In 1843, after the September 3rd uprising, he returned to Athens as Minister without portfolio in the Metaxas cabinet, and from April to August 1844 was head of the government formed after the fall of the Russian party. Going into opposition, he distinguished himself by his violent attacks on the Kolettis government. In 1854-1855 he was again head of the government for a few months. He died in Aegina on 18 August 1865.^[1]

See also

References

1. ^¹²³⁴{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Mavrocordato|display=Mavrocordato s.v. Prince Alexander Mavrocordato|volume=17|page=917}}
2. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 page 127.
3. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 page 127.
4. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pages 127-128.
5. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 page 127.
6. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 page 128.
7. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pages 130.
8. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pages 133.
9. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pages 133-134.
10. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pages 134.
11. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pages 134.
12. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 page 146.
13. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 page 146.
14. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pages 184-185.
15. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 page 191.
16. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 page 207.
17. ^Brewer, David The Greek War of Independence, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 page 266.