| 词条 | Alexei Yuryevich Smirnov |
| 释义 |
|name=Alexei Yuryevich Smirnov |image= |image_size= |caption= |birth_date=October 16, 1951 |birth_place=Soviet Union |death_date= |death_place= |residence= |citizenship=Russian |nationality=Russian |ethnicity= |field=Physicist |work_institution=INR RAS, ICTP, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics |alma_mater=Moscow State University |doctoral_advisor= |doctoral_students= |known_for=Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect |awards=Bruno Pontecorvo Prize (2005) Sakurai Prize (2008) Albert Einstein Medal (2016) |author_abbreviation_bot= |author_abbreviation_zoo= |prizes= |religion= |footnotes= }} Alexei Yuryevich Smirnov ({{lang-ru|Алексе́й Ю́рьевич Cмирно́в}}; born October 16, 1951) is a neutrino physics researcher and one of the discoverers of the MSW Effect. EducationAlexei Smirnov graduated from MSU Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University in 1974. In 1977, he began to work at the Institute for Nuclear Research (INR) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, where he received his Candidate of Sciences degree in 1979. In 1989, he received a degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical sciences. He also taught at the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University in the period from 1982 to 1990. Smirnov joined the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste, Italy in 1992 as a staff-associate while continuing his affiliation with INR (Moscow) as a leading research scientist. He became a staff member with ICTP in 1997 and where he held the position of principal research scientist. Since 2015 he is a permanent scientist and Max-Planck Fellow at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK) in Heidelberg. Research and achievementsThe main area of Smirnov's research is neutrino physics and astrophysics. In 1984—1985, following earlier work by Lincoln Wolfenstein, Smirnov, together with Stanislav Mikheyev, uncovered effects of resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter[1] and the adiabatic conversion in non-uniform media[2] known now as the Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect (MSW effect).[3]Solutions to the solar neutrino problem based on the MSW effect have been proposed. The effects were also applied to supernova neutrinos and neutrinos of various origins propagating in the Earth.[4][5] In the following years Smirnov and his colleagues developed a number of aspects of theory and phenomenology of neutrino conversion in various media.[6][7][8][9] Currently Smirnov is working on implications of the obtained neutrino results for fundamental physics (quark-lepton complementarity, unification, etc.) as well as on future programs of studies in neutrino physics. Smirnov is a co-recipient of the 2005 Bruno Pontecorvo Prize "for his prediction and study of the influence of matter on neutrino oscillations". For his lifetime achievements in physics Smirnov was named Humboldt Research Fellow. This is one of the Germany's most prestigious awards in science which enables outstanding scientists and scholars from abroad to spend up to six months at the Humboldt Institute to carry out research on projects of their own choosing. Alexei Smirnov and Stanislav Mikheyev were awarded the 2008 Sakurai Prize "for pioneering and influential work on the enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter, which is essential to a quantitative understanding of the solar neutrino flux". Smirnov is an editor of the Journal of High Energy Physics and Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics and a divisional associate editor for Physical Review Letters. His awards and honors also include the Biedenharn endowed chair in physics (University of Texas, Austin, 2002), the award of the Japanese Society for promotion of science (2004), the Alexander von Humboldt research award (2004), and the Erwin Schrödinger guest professorship (Vienna, 2007). See also
References1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Mikeyev|first1=S.P.|last2=Smirnov|first2=A.Yu.|title=Resonance Amplification of Oscillations in Matter and Spectroscopy of Solar Neutrinos|journal=Yadernaya Fizika|date=1985|volume=42|pages=1441–1448|bibcode = 1985YaFiz..42.1441M }} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Mikeyev|first1=S.P|last2=Smirnov|first2=A.Yu|title=Neutrino Oscillations in an Inhomogeneous Medium: Adiabatic Regime|journal=Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.|date=1987|volume=92|page=404|bibcode = 1987ZhETF..92..404M }} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Mikheyev|first1=S.P.|last2=Smirnov|first2=A.Yu.|title=Resonance Oscillations of Neutrinos in Matter|journal=Sov. Phys. Usp. |volume=30 |year=1987 |pages=759–790|bibcode = 1987SvPhU..30..759M |doi = 10.1070/PU1987v030n09ABEH002961 }} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Mikeyev|first1=S.P.|last2=Smirnov|first2=A.Yu.|title=Neutrino Oscillations in a Variable Density Medium and Neutrino Bursts Due to the Gravitational Collapse of Stars|journal=Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.|date=1986|volume=91|pages=7–13|arxiv = 0706.0454 |bibcode = 1986ZhETF..91....7M }} 5. ^American physical Society 6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Krastev|first1=P.I.|last2=Smirnov|first2=P.I.|title=Parametric Effects in Neutrino Oscillations|journal=Phys. Lett. B |volume=226 |year=1989 |pages=341–346|bibcode = 1989PhLB..226..341K |doi = 10.1016/0370-2693(89)91206-9 }} 7. ^{{cite journal|last1=Krastev|first1=P.I.|last2=Smirnov|first2=P.I.|title=Spin – flavor conversion and time variations of solar neutrino signals|journal=Z. Phys. C |volume=49 |year=1991 |pages=675–681|bibcode=1991ZPhyC..49..675K}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Akhmedov|first1=E.Kh.|last2=Krastev|first2=P.I.|last3=Smirnov|first3=A.Yu.|title=Resonant neutrino spin flip transitions in twisting magnetic fields|journal=Z. Phys. C |volume=52 |issue=4|year=1991 |pages=701–709|bibcode=1991ZPhyC..52..701A|doi=10.1007/BF01562347}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Krastev|first1=P.I.|last2=Smirnov|first2=A.Yu.|title=Density perturbations and resonant conversion of neutrinos|journal=Mod. Phys. Lett. A |volume=6 |issue=11|year=1991 |pages=1001–1009|bibcode=1991MPLA....6.1001K|doi=10.1142/S0217732391001056}} External links
11 : Russian physicists|Soviet physicists|20th-century physicists|Neutrino physicists|Moscow State University alumni|Moscow State University faculty|Living people|Theoretical physicists|1951 births|J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics recipients|Moscow Helsinki Group |
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