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词条 Rubidium azide
释义

  1. Preparation

  2. Uses

  3. Structure

  4. Reactions

  5. Hazards

  6. References

{{Chembox

| Name =


| ImageFile = Rubidium azide structure.png
| ImageSize = 160
| ImageAlt =
| OtherNames = Rubidium azide

| IUPACName = rubidium(1+);azide


| SystematicName =
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| InChI = 1S/N3.Rb/c1-3-2;/q-1;+1
| InChIKey = GEWQYWRSUXOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| InChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|??}}
| InChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|??}}
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 22756-36-1
| PubChem = 89824
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 81078
| SMILES = [N-]=[N+]=[N-].[Rb+]
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = RbN3
| MolarMass = 127.49 g·mol−1
| Appearance = Colorless needles[1]
| Density = 2.79 g/cm3[1][3]
| MeltingPtC = 317-321
| MeltingPt_ref = [3][5]
| BoilingPt = Decomposes
| Solubility = 107.1 g/100 g (16°C)
114.1 g/100 g (17°C)[2]
| SolubleOther = 0.182 g/100 g (16°C, ethanol)[2]
| Section3 =
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| HeatCapacity =
| DeltaHf = -0.1 kcal·mol−1[3]
| Section5 =
| Section6 =
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-H = 4
| NFPA-R = 3
| NFPA-S =
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = Rubidium nitrate
| OtherCations = Lithium azide
Sodium azide
Potassium azide
Silver azide
Ammonium azide
| OtherFunction_label =
| OtherFunction =
| OtherCompounds =
}}Rubidium azide is an inorganic compound with the formula RbN3. It is the rubidium salt of the azide ion ({{chem|N|3|–}}). Like most azides, it is explosive.[5]

Preparation

Rubidium azide can be created by the reaction between rubidium sulfate and barium azide which results in formation of easily separated insoluble barium sulfate:[2]

Rb2SO4 + Ba(N3)2 -> 2RbN3 + BaSO4

In at least one study, rubidium azide was produced by the reaction between butyl nitrite, hydrazine monohydrate, and rubidium hydroxide:

C4H9ONO + N2H4*H2O + RbOH ->[C2H5OH] RbN3 + C4H9OH + 3H2O

This formula is typically used to synthesize potassium azide from caustic potash.[4]

Uses

Rubidium azide has been investigated for possible use in alkali vapor cells, which are components of atomic clocks, atomic magnetometers and atomic gyroscopes. Azides are desirable starting materials because they decompose into rubidium metal and nitrogen gas when exposed to UV light. According to one publication:

Among the different techniques used to fill microfabricated alkali vapor cell {{small|[sic]}}, UV decomposition of rubidium azide (RbN3) into metallic Rb and nitrogen in Al2O3 coated cells is a very promising approach for low-cost wafer-level fabrication.[5]

Structure

At room temperature, rubidium azide has the same structure as potassium hydrogen fluoride; a distorted cesium chloride structure. At 315 °C and 1 atm, rubidium azide will transition to the normal cesium chloride structure. The II/I transition temperature of rubidium azide is within 2 °C of its melting point.[6]

Rubidium azide has a high pressure structure transition, which occurs at about 4.8 kilobars of pressure at 0 °C. The transition boundary of the II/III transition can be defined by the relationship , where is the pressure in kilobars and is the temperature in degrees Celsius.[6]

Reactions

As with all azides, it will decompose and release nitrogen gas when heated or severely shocked:

2RbN3 ->[\\Delta]2Rb + 3N2

Hazards

At 4.1 kilobars of pressure and about 460 °C, rubidium azide will explosively decompose.[6] Under normal circumstances, it explodes at 395 °C.[3] It also decomposes upon exposure to ultraviolet light.[5]

Rubidium azide is very sensitive to mechanical shock, with an impact sensitivity comparable to that of TNT.[7]

Like all azides, rubidium azide is toxic.

References

1. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Perry|first1=Dale|title=Handbook of Inorganic Compounds|location=Online|page=333|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0fT4wfhF1AsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Handbook+of+Inorganic+Compounds&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiQroGAmIPZAhVvp1kKHYR9Bv0Q6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=Handbook%20of%20Inorganic%20Compounds&f=false|accessdate=31 January 2018}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=Hála|first1=Jiri|title=IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 79. Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Pseudohalides|url=http://nist.gov/data/PDFfiles/jpcrd643.pdf|website=nist.gov|accessdate=31 January 2018|ref=[1]}}
3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Hart|first1=William|last2=Beumel|first2=O. F.|last3=Whaley|first3=Thomas|title=The Chemistry of Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium and Francium: Pergamon Texts in Inorganic Chemistry|date=22 October 2013|publisher=Pergamon Press|location=Online|page=438|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JUj-BAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=31 January 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web|last1=Ogden|first1=J. Steven|last2=Dyke|first2=John M.|last3=Levason|first3=William|last4=Ferrante|first4=Francesco|last5=Gagliardi|first5=Laura|title=The Characterisation of Molecular Alkali-Metal Azides|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c1a2/6083ba798e9870982b99a19064d04c7eac9d.pdf|accessdate=2 February 2018}}
5. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Karlen|first1=Sylvain|last2=Gobet|first2=Jean|last3=Overstolz|first3=Thomas|last4=Haesler|first4=Jacques|last5=Lecomte|first5=Steve|title=Lifetime assessment of RbN3-filled MEMS atomic vapor cells with Al2O3 coating|journal=Optics Express|date=26 January 2017|volume=25|issue=3|pages=2187-2194|doi=10.1364/OE.25.002187|url=https://www.osapublishing.org/DirectPDFAccess/E7E1A688-B2BA-BB09-FEBAF494164ECD88_357718/oe-25-3-2187.pdf|accessdate=17 March 2018}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|last1=Pistorius|first1=Carl W. F. T.|title=Phase Diagrams to High Pressures of the Univalent Azides Belonging to the Space Group D 4hI8-14/mcm|url=http://documents.htracyhall.org/ocr/HTH-Archives/Cabinet%208/Drawer%204%20(MP-OL)/(Pistorius,%20C.W.F.T.)%20(linked)/(Pistorius,%20C.W.F.T.)-629_OCR.pdf|accessdate=1 February 2018|location=Online|pages=1, 4–5|date=27 December 1968}}
7. ^{{cite web|last1=Babu|first1=K. Ramesh|last2=Vaitheeswaran|first2=G.|title=Structure, elastic and dynamical properties of KN3 and RbN3: A van der Waals density functional study|url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.768.1309&rep=rep1&type=pdf|publisher=Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad|accessdate=2 February 2018}}
{{Rubidium compounds}}{{Azides}}

3 : Azides|Rubidium compounds|Explosive chemicals
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