| 词条 | Rubén Espinosa |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Rubén Espinosa | honorific_suffix = | image = Ruben-Espinosa-.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | pronunciation = | birth_name = Rubén Manuel Espinosa Becerril | birth_date = November 29, 1983 | birth_place = Mexico City, Mexico | baptised = | disappeared_date = | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = July 31, 2015 | death_place = Mexico City, Mexico | death_cause = Murder from gunfire | body_discovered = | resting_place = Panteón De Dolores, Mexico | resting_place_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = | nationality = Mexican | other_names = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = Photojournalist | years_active = | era = | employer = AVC News agency, Proceso and Cuartoscuro magazines | organization = | agent = | known_for = Social Movements | notable_works = | style = | home_town = | salary = | net_worth = | height = | weight = | television = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | religion = | denomination = | criminal_charge = | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | children = | parents = | relatives = | callsign = | awards = | website = | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | module6 = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = | ethnicity = | burial_place = | burial_coordinates = | spouse = | partner = }}Rubén Manuel Espinosa Becerril (29 November 1983 – 31 July 2015) was a Mexican self-taught photographer and journalist. He worked for AVC News agency and Proceso and Cuartoscuro magazines. He covered daily news and social protests.[1] He documented several protests where individuals were assaulted. Espinosa was killed in Narvate, Mexico City, Mexico along with four women.[2] PersonalEspinosa was born in Mexico City, Mexico.[1] CareerFor the majority of his career, Espinosa concentrated on social movements and protests. As a self-taught photographer and journalist, he began his career with Eclipse Photo in Mexico City, Mexico.[1] While with Eclipse Photo, his primary job was photography. In 2009, he was hired by Javier Duarte during his campaign as governor.[3] Espinosa also worked in Xalapa, Mexico for seven years. Xalapa is considered one of the most dangerous place to practice journalism.[4] Espinosa's interest in social movements led him find employment elsewhere. In Veracruz, Espinosa became a correspondent for Proceso and Cuartoscuro magazines. During his employment with the magazine, Espinosa voiced his opinion regarding the treatment journalists in Mexico.[5] Death{{Location map+|Mexico| width = 280 | float = left |caption= Rubén Espinosa was killed in Mexico City, Mexico. |alt = THE ADDED CITY is located in Mexico. |AlternativeMap = Mexico States blank map.svg |places= |lat_deg=19 |lat_min=25 |lat_sec=57 |lat_dir=N |lon_deg=99 |lon_min=07 |lon_sec=59 |lon_dir=W |position=left |background=#FFFFFF |label=Mexico City | position = left Espinosa was found dead on 31 July 2015 with four female victims.[11][12] All five were found beaten and shot execution style.[13] The victims also had various signs of torture on their bodies.[14] The women who were found had all been sexually assaulted by the culprits.[15] The names of the women were not released at the time until days later.[16][17] The authorities believe that deaths occurred between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. A final text message was placed by Espinosa at 2:13 p.m.[18][19] InvestigationVideo surveillance caught three suspects walking out of the apartment. One of the suspects took the car of a victim and drove off with it. The car was later found abandoned on the outskirts of Mexico City.[20] The case was viewed as a burglary due to the various objects taken from the residence.[9] In August 2015, an unnamed serial rapist was arrested for the deaths of the victims. His fingerprints matched up to the evidence found in the apartment. There is still an ongoing investigation for the other two suspects caught on the surveillance video.[15] The police department in charge of the investigation do have fifteen statements as well as evidence and photographs.[21] ContextEspinosa had reported threats being made towards him before his death. Espinosa had previously had several run ins with the law while covering several social movements.[22] In 2012, Espinosa covered a student protest against Governor Javier Duarte during the anniversary of the revolution.[23] During the protest Espinosa was grabbed and the man stated "Stop taking pictures if you don't want to end up like Regina".[24] Regina Martinez Perez, was also a correspondent for Proceso and Cuartoscuro magazines.[25] She had recently been killed after reporting on state official.[26] Espinosa released a photograph of Governor Javier Duarte. The photograph showed Governor Duarte wearing a police cap and his stomach hanging over and below his belt. Espinosa received multiple threats after the release of the photograph.[27] The governor was outraged by the photograph and article. He sent people to find and buy out all the prints released in various locations.[28] Espinosa decided to flee Veracruz and find refugee in Mexico City, Mexico. His decision was made after seeing men standing outside of his house three separate times. He had reported that the men were giving him intimidating glances and gestures.[23] On 31 July 2015 Espinosa was found alongside four other women. The women were identified as Nadia Vera, Yesenia Quiroz, Mile Virginia Martin, and Alejandra Negrete.[8][29][30][31] His and the bodies of the women were all found killed execution style.[6] Mile Virginia Marin was the last of the victims to be identified due to having a Colombian origin.[32] Espinosa is the seventh journalist that has been killed in Mexico in the year 2015.[33] Since 2011 under Javier Duarte's govern of Mexico 15 journalist have been killed.[34] Regina Martinez Pérez, Miguel Angel Lopez Velasco, Yolanda Ordaz de la Cruz, and the other journalist who have been murdered all have one similar thing. All their murders have had no responsible culprit punished.[35] Regina Martinez Pérez worked alongside Espinosa in the past and was murdered on 28 April 2012.[36] According to Reporters without Borders, In 2014 Mexico was the named the 6th country in the world with high rates of journalist being killed. After the death of Espinosa protesters gathered holding cameras and signs that stated "not one more".[19] The protesters also held signs stating "How many more Javier Duarte?".[37] During his funeral journalist traveled to be present. They covered his grave with cameras.[38] State and Legislative committees deal with the complaints made by reporters who has been attacked, harassed, or abused. However, nothing is ever resolved through the offices.[39] ImpactAccording to Article 19, Espinosa is the 88th journalist that has been killed in Mexico.[40] Espinosa decided to flee to Mexico City in seek of refugee. Until his death Mexico City was seen as a refugee for journalist who were being threatened.[40] Citizens have become angry and disheartened at the lack of safety and protection Governor Duarte has provided for journalists.[41][42] As a self-taught journalist and photographer, Espinosa was motivated and felt strongly about journalist rights in Mexico.[43] However, after reporting and photographing several brutal attacks and protests Espinosa began to be a target of threats.[44] After his death Mexico City was no longer a place safe for journalist seeking refugee.[1] Hundreds of journalist and photographers from around the world published a letter in PEN America asking for a clear notice of what occurred that day and who was responsible. They urged for a further investigation into his death.[45] ReactionsAfter the death of Espinosa, several protesters have gathered in several different locations in his honor.[46][47] In Mexico City a demonstration spread a network tag #JusticiaparaRubén to continue spreading his life story as well as his troubling death.[15] A colleague of his stated "He was both a photographer and activist...But most of all he was a great friend".[6] The Office of the High Commissioner For Human Rights (OHCHR) stated after the death of Espinosa: "If the investigations confirm that this aberrant multiple homicide is related to Espinosa's work as a journalist, then we are in the presence of a grave act against freedom of expression".[29] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://homozapping.com.mx/2015/08/quiere-miguel-mancera-convertirse-en-otro-javier-duarte-comunicado-sobre-el-asesinato-de-ruben-espinosa-y-semblanza/|title=¿Quiere Miguel Mancera convertirse en otro Javier Duarte? Comunicado sobre el asesinato de Rubén Espinosa (y semblanza) - Homozapping|publisher=}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Espinosa, Ruben}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.proceso.com.mx/?p=412006|title=Asesinan en el DF a Rubén Espinosa, fotoperiodista de Proceso|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802171157/http://www.proceso.com.mx/?p=412006|archivedate=2 August 2015|work=Proceso}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/08/12/did-a-mexican-governor-have-this-journalist-killed-over-an-unflattering-photo.html|title=Did a Mexican Governor Have This Journalist Killed Over an Unflattering Photo?|work=The Daily Beast}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://noticias.terra.com/mundo/latinoamerica/la-sip-condena-el-asesinato-del-periodista-mexicano-ruben-espinosa,386bc8ac2bc61414052315e6f6e6ea635e63RCRD.html|title=La SIP condena el asesinato del periodista mexicano Rubén Espinosa|date=3 August 2015|work=Terra}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-33846438|title=Impunity feared in Mexico photojournalist's murder|work=BBC News}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://latincorrespondent.com/2015/08/murder-mexican-journalist-ruben-espinosa-raises-questions-censorship-corruption/|title=Murder of Mexican journalist Rubén Espinosa, raises questions about censorship and corruption|publisher=|author=Paul Imison}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/por-el-miedo-a-que-lo-mataran-hasta-su-perro-dejo-en-veracruz.html|title=Por el miedo a que lo mataran, hasta su perro dejó en Veracruz|publisher=}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://fpif.org/in-mexico-hunted-down-for-speaking-out/|title=In Mexico, Hunted Down for Speaking Out|work=Foreign Policy In Focus}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/bef4e1fece1149279bafccc5a3276c5f/journalist-slain-mexico-city-had-signs-torture|title=Gov't reaction criticized in case of Mexico slain journalist|work=The Big Story}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-33771875|title=Mexico outraged over journalist Ruben Espinosa's murder|work=BBC News}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/unesco_director_general_condemns_the_killing_of_mexican_photojournalist_ruben_espinosa/#.VqTwfyorJaQ|title=UNESCO Director General condemns the killing of Mexican photojournalist Ruben Espinosa - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|publisher=}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/08/150802_mexico_muerte_ruben_espinosa_men|title=Conmoción por asesinato de periodista Rubén Espinosa en Ciudad de México|work=BBC Mundo}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/02/mexican-photojournalist-ruben-espinosa-found-dead-in-capital|title=Mexican photojournalist Rubén Espinosa found dead in capital|work=the Guardian}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/02/mexican-photojournalist-killed-ruben-espinosa-tortured|title=Mexican photojournalist found dead was likely tortured, activists say|work=the Guardian}} 15. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3187121/Police-arrest-serial-rapist-brutal-murder-Mexican-journalist-fingerprints-crime-scene.html|title=Police arrest serial rapist for murder of Mexican journalist Ruben Espinosa|date=6 August 2015|work=Mail Online}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/12/ruben-espinosa-female-murders-mexico-media|title=Mexico's Ruben Espinosa case: female victims treated as afterthoughts by press|author=Nina Lakhani|work=the Guardian}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2015/08/02/10-datos-clave-sobre-el-caso-de-multihomicidio-en-la-colonia-narvarte|title=10 datos clave sobre el caso de multihomicidio en la colonia Narvarte|date=2 August 2015|publisher=}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-33753065|title=Mexican photojournalist Ruben Espinosa found dead|work=BBC News}} 19. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2015/08/08/esta-fue-la-ultima-conversacion-del-fotoperiodista-ruben-espinosa|title=¿Esta fue la última conversación del fotoperiodista Rubén Espinosa?|date=8 August 2015|publisher=}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-33786679|title=Mexico seeks suspects in journalist Espinosa's murder|work=BBC News}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2015/08/02/fotoperiodista-ruben-espinosa-veracruz-narvarte-multihomicidio-periodismo|title=La PGJDF investiga homicidio y robo por el multiasesinato en la Narvarte|publisher=}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cjfe.org/deeply_troubled_by_killing_of_mexican_photojournalist_rub_n_espinosa|title=Deeply troubled by killing of Mexican photojournalist Rubén Espinosa|work=CJFE - Canadian Journalists for Free Expression}} 23. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://cpj.org/killed/2015/ruben-espinosa-becerril.php|title=Rubén Espinosa Becerril|publisher=}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.proceso.com.mx/?p=412068|title=Rubén Espinosa, un fotógrafo 'incómodo' para el gobierno de Duarte - Proceso|author=Marcela Turati|work=Proceso}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/08/150803_mexico_asesinato_espinosa_mujeres_am|title=Quiénes eran las cuatro mujeres asesinadas junto al periodista Rubén Espinosa en México|work=BBC Mundo}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/mexiko-fotoreporter-ruben-espinosa-getoetet-a-1046373.html|title=Mexiko: Fotoreporter Rubén Espinosa getötet|date=2 August 2015|author=SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg, Germany|work=SPIEGEL ONLINE}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2015/0803/Mexico-City-Why-didn-t-slain-journalist-Ruben-Espinosa-seek-protection|title=Mexico City: Why didn't slain journalist Ruben Espinosa seek protection?|date=3 August 2015|author=The Christian Science Monitor|work=The Christian Science Monitor}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sinembargo.mx/02-08-2015/1436027|title=LA FOTO DE RUBÉN ESPINOSA QUE ENCABRONÓ AL GOBERNADOR DE VERACRUZ|author=Redacción / Sin Embargo|work=SinEmbargo MX}} 29. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/who-killed-ruben-espinosa-and-nadia-vera|title=Who Killed Rubén Espinosa and Nadia Vera?|date=14 August 2015|author=Francisco Goldman|work=The New Yorker}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sinembargo.mx/06-08-2015/1441533|title=Colombia identifica a su ciudadana asesinada en la Narvarte y exige que el crimen no quede impune|author=Redacción / Sin Embargo|work=SinEmbargo MX}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2015/08/10/espinosa-dejo-veracruz-tras-una-agresion-de-encapuchados-dice-duarte|title=Espinosa dejó Veracruz tras una agresión de encapuchados, dice Duarte|date=10 August 2015|publisher=}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bolsamania.com/colombia/noticias/justicia/la-colombiana-que-murio-junto-al-periodista-mexicano-ruben-espinosa--822979.html|title=La colombiana que murió junto al periodista mexicano Rubén Espinosa|date=4 August 2015|publisher=|author=Web Financial Group, S.A.}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/03/world/americas/huge-rally-over-killing-of-mexican-journalist.html|title=Huge Mexico City Rally Over Killing of Journalist|date=3 August 2015|work=The New York Times}} 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/08/02/actualidad/1438471146_330192.html|title=Rubén Espinosa: Asesinado en México un fotoperiodista que había recibido amenazas - Internacional - EL PAÍS|date=2 August 2015|author=Ediciones El País|work=EL PAÍS}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.analisisafondo.com/index.php/sociedad/derechos-humanos/item/19056-javier-duarte-gobernador-bajo-sospecha|title=ANÁLISIS A FONDO - Javier Duarte, ¿gobernador bajo sospecha?|publisher=|author=Roberto Vizcaíno}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.proceso.com.mx/?p=412047|title=Se extiende a estados repudio por muerte de fotoperiodista|author=La Redacción|work=Proceso}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=http://ruben.proceso.com.mx/|title=Rubén Espinosa (1984-2015)|work=Rubén Espinosa (1984-2015)}} 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sinembargo.mx/03-08-2015/1437138|title=Familiares, compañeros y amigos dan último adiós al fotoperiodista Rubén Espinosa|author=Redacción / Sin Embargo|work=SinEmbargo MX}} 39. ^{{cite web|url=http://josecardenas.com/2015/08/morir-de-miedo/|title=Morir de miedo|author=Oscar Olguin|work=José Cárdenas}} 40. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/08/02/428655196/mexican-photojournalist-found-dead-in-countrys-capital|title=Mexican Photojournalist Found Dead In Country's Capital|date=2 August 2015|work=NPR.org}} 41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.proceso.com.mx/?p=412259|title=Rubén Espinosa y la línea periodística|author=José Gil Olmos|work=Proceso}} 42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cnnmexico.com/nacional/2015/08/03/proceso-y-cuartoscuro-exigen-investigacion-de-amenazas-a-espinosa|title='Proceso' y 'Cuartoscuro' exigen investigación de amenazas a Espinosa|date=3 August 2015|publisher=}} 43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cctv-america.com/2015/08/30/murder-of-journalist-ruben-espinosa-in-mexico-city-sparks-outrage|title=Murder of journalist Ruben Espinosa in Mexico City sparks outrage|work=CCTV America}} 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pen.org/defending-writers/ruben-espinosa|title=Ruben Espinosa - PEN American Center|publisher=}} 45. ^{{cite web|url=http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2015/08/16/intelectuales-y-periodistas-de-todo-el-mundo-exigen-aclarar-del-asesinato-del-reportero-ruben-espinosa/|title=Intelectuales y periodistas de todo el mundo exigen aclarar del asesinato del reportero Rubén Espinosa|work=CNNEspañol.com}} 46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/03/americas/mexico-city-photographer-killed/|title=Mexican journalist's death 'new peak' in violence|date=4 August 2015|author=Elwyn Lopez and Catherine E. Shoichet, CNN|work=CNN}} 47. ^{{cite web|url=http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2015/08/03/la-onu-condena-el-asesinato-del-fotoperiodista-ruben-espinosa|title=La ONU condena el asesinato del fotoperiodista Rubén Espinosa|date=3 August 2015|publisher=}} 8 : 1983 births|2015 deaths|Assassinated Mexican journalists|Deaths by firearm|Journalists killed in the Mexican Drug War|Mexican journalists|People from Mexico City|Unsolved murders in Mexico |
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