| 词条 | Rumicucho |
| 释义 |
|name = Rumicucho |alternate_name = |image = |alt = |caption = |map_type = Ecuador |map_size = |relief = yes |map_alt = Map showing location in Ecuador |coordinates = {{coord|0|00|43|N|78|25|53|W}} |location = Ecuador |region = |type = Fort and Settlement |part_of = |length = |width = |area = |height = |builder = |material = |built = c. 1480s CE |abandoned = |epochs = |cultures = |dependency_of = |occupants = |event = |excavations = |archaeologists = |condition = In ruins |ownership = |management = |public_access = |website = |notes = | designation1 = | designation1_offname = | designation1_date = | designation1_number = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_type = Cultural | designation1_free1name = Region | designation1_free1value = }} Rumicucho or Pucara de Rumicucho is an archaeological site of the Inca Empire in the parroquia of San Antonio de Pichincha, in Quito Canton, Pichincha Province. Ecuador. Rumicucho is a pucara (hilltop fortress) located {{convert|23|km|mi}} in a straight-line distance north of the city of Quito at an elevation of {{convert|2401|m|ft}}. Rumicucho in the Quechua language means "stone corner", perhaps referring to its strategic location between the territory of the Yumbo people to the east and the chiefdoms of the Pais Caranqui to the north. The Incas probably built Rumicucho between 1480 and 1500 and ruled this area until the Spanish conquest in the 1530s.[1] Rumicucho has also been called Lulumbamba (fertile plain), a reference to the valley to its west, now mostly urbanized but formerly intensely cultivated. Rumicucho is a popular site for tourists to visit. BackgroundRumicucho is one of more than 100 known pucaras in northern Ecuador, far more than in any other region of the Inca Empire which indicates the severity of the resistance by the local people to the advance northward by the Incas. Many of the pucaras were built by the Indigenous people long before the Inca Empire. The Incas established or strengthened existing pucaras as bases to conquer the chiefdoms of the Pais Caranqui of whom the Cayambe may have been the most powerful. The Inca war against the Pais Caranqui lasted for years, possibly two or three decades. The Inca conquest of northern Ecuador was not completed until the early 16th century.[2] DescriptionThe archaeological site occupies an area {{convert|380|m|ft}} long and {{convert|75|m|ft}} wide.[3] The site was probably occupied by pre-Inca cultures, with the Incas adding their customary styles to the existing buildings and walls. Unlike many pucaras Rumicucho is not on a high point of the landscape, but rather is located on a small hill. Its setting identifies it as a crossroads as well as being a fortress. Rumicucho is one of the few pucaras in Ecuador where a substantial amount of Inca material has been found, including domestic items such as cloth, ceramic pots for making Chicha, the fermented Inca drink, implements made of camelid bone, seashells, and metal objects.[4] Rumicucho was a multi-functional base for residence and ceremonies and control of transit and trade as well as defense.[5] The archaeological site consists of 5 terraces stair-stepping up the hill, each with its own particular purpose. The first and second terraces were used for rituals and feasts; the third terrace was for ceremonies, and terraces one and two were probably used for housing and workshops.[6] Rumicucho was also probably used for astronomy and to observe solar events. It is about {{convert|1|km|mi}} from the equator and lines up precisely with the snow-capped volcanoes Cayambe {{convert|50|km|mi}} east and Cotopaxi, {{convert|80|km|mi}} to the south, suggesting that it was a sacred site.[7] The Incas and pre-Inca peoples had an extensive knowledge of astronomy and often located their installations in places appropriate for observations of solar events, including the equatorial solstice, which they called "the day when man has no shadow."[8] References1. ^"Pucara de Rumicucho is More than just an Incan Stone Fortress," Ancient Origins http://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-americas/pucara-de-rumicucho-more-just-incan-stone-fortress-003442, accessed 16 Jun 2017 2. ^Ancient Origins http://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-americas/pucara-de-rumicucho-more-just-incan-stone-fortress-003442, accessed 16 Jun 2017; Bray, Tamara L. and Echeverría Almeida, José (2014), "The Late Imperial Site of Inca-Caranqui, Northern highland Ecuador at the End of Empire", Nampo Pacha, journal of Andean Archaeology, Vol. 34, No. 2, p. 179-182 3. ^Quito, Ecuador. Pucara of Rumicucho, https://www.ecostravel.com/en/ecuador/cities-destination/rumicucho.php, accessed 17 June 1017 4. ^"Revista del Patromonio Cultural del Ecuador", No. 2, INPC, https://issuu.com/inpc/docs/inpc_revista_2, accessed 17 Jun 2017; Ancient Origins http://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-americas/pucara-de-rumicucho-more-just-incan-stone-fortress-003442, accessed 16 Jun 2017 5. ^Silverman, Helaine and Isbell, William H. (2008), Handbook of South American Archaeology, New York: Springer, p. 534, Ancient Origins http://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-americas/pucara-de-rumicucho-more-just-incan-stone-fortress-003442, accessed 16 Jun 2017 6. ^Ancient Origins http://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-americas/pucara-de-rumicucho-more-just-incan-stone-fortress-003442, accessed 16 Jun 2017 7. ^"Pucara Rumicucho", Archaeological Institute of America.]], https://www.archaeological.org/fieldwork/afob/4187, accessed 17 June 2017 8. ^Ancient Origins http://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-americas/pucara-de-rumicucho-more-just-incan-stone-fortress-003442, accessed 16 Jun 2017 4 : Inca Empire|Archaeological sites in Ecuador|Pichincha Province|Tourist attractions in Pichincha Province |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。