“Ruth Holden”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Ruth Holden (1890-1917) was an American paleobotanist and nurse, who died in Russia during World War I.

Biography

Ruth Holden was born on 27 November 1890 in the city of Attleboro in Massachusetts. She grew up in the city with her parents Charles and Caroline Holden. She had two siblings, an older sister, Alice, and a younger brother, John. Her father was a doctor.^[1]^[2]

She was educated at Attleborough High School and then at Radcliffe College, Harvard. She graduated from Radcliffe in 1911 and received her MA the following year. While at Radcliffe she studied Paleobotany with Professor E. C Jeffrey.^[3] She was awarded the Caroline Wilby prize for her thesis Reduction and Reversion in the North American SalicaIes.^[4] She used the money from this and other academic prizes to pursue her interest in fossil hunting. For example, she collected fossils in Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick in Canada in the summer of 1911.^[5]

In 1912 Holden made her first trip to England where she attended a "Summer Meeting" at Cambridge University where she was able to examine their collection of fossil plants.^[6]

She returned to England in 1913 after obtaining an AAUW European Fellowship and began paleobotanical research at Newnham College, Cambridge.^[7]

Following the outbreak of the First World War, Holden began attending lectures given by the Red Cross.^[6] The Cambridge Independent Press reported that she received the first certificate for "First Aid to the Injured" on 21 January 1915.^[8] Throughout 1915 she worked part time as an orderly at the Auxiliary Hospital in Cintra Terrace in Cambridge.^[9]

In August 1915 she was awarded an Associates' Fellowship by Newnham College. This entitled her to £100 each year for three years to enable her "to continue her work in fossil botany".^[10]

However, she decided to suspend her studies and early in 1916 joined the first Millicent Fawcett medical unit run by the Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service. The unit left London on 29 January headed for Petrograd in Russia to set up maternity hospitals for Polish refugees. The unit consisted of Holden (assistant nurse), two doctors, a matron, three other nurses, a sanitary officer, an almoner, and a secretary.^[11] She then went on to Kazan to help set up a new hospital for Polish refugee children. She even managed to continue her research into paleobotany at the local university, however most of her time was spent travelling throughout Russia helping to distribute supplies to different hospitals. It is believed that during these travels Ruth Holden contracted typhoid, her illness lasting for many months into 1917. Although she appeared to recover she began to suffer with tubercular meningitis and eventually passed away in her sleep during the evening of 21 April 1917.^[3]^[12]^[6]^[13]

Soon after news of Ruth Holden's death was announced obituaries began appearing in various media: Nature said that "Botanical science has suffered a serious loss through the death of Ruth Holden";^[14] A C Seward (who worked with Holden in Cambridge) wrote in the New Phytologist that "though Miss Holden was a student of exceptional originality and promise she was much more than that—a chivalrous and noble woman whom it was a privilege to count a friend";^[6] Miss Moberly, an administrator of the medical unit in Russia wrote in Common Cause (a Women's Suffrage newspaper) that "[Holden] greatly loved the people and the land for which she has given her life, and she told me more than once that nothing in the future could ever make her regret having volunteered for this work."^[15]

On 5 October 1919 a bronze tablet was unveiled in Capron Park, Attleboro, commemorating Ruth Holden alongside another nurse, Alice Illingworth Haskell, who had also died in service during the war. A memorial nursing fund was also set up in both the nurses' names.^[16]

Published works

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=5062|title=Massachusetts, Birth Records, 1840-1915|last=Holden|first=Ruth|date=|website=search.ancestry.com|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=19 June 2018}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7602|title=1900 US Federal Census Records|last=Holden|first=Ruth|date=|website=search.ancestry.com|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=19 June 2018}}
3. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch00627|title=Biography of Ruth Holden at Holden, Ruth, 1890-1917|last=|first=|date=|website=oasis.lib.harvard.edu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403093726/http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch00627|archive-date=3 April 2018|dead-url=yes|access-date=4 November 2018}}
4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/requirementsfora1911radc/page/n3|title=Radcliffe College 1911|last=|first=|publisher=Radcliffe College|year=1911|isbn=|location=|pages=57-58}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nbm-mnb.ca/magnificent_rocks-roches_magnifiques/the_periods-les_periodes/permian_triassic_jurassic-permien_trias_jurassique/people-les_gens/ruth_holden_howard_falcon_lang_and_abby_othman-ruth_holden_howard_falcon_lang_et_abby_othman-eng/|title=Ruth Holden, Howard Falcon-Lang and Abby Othman|last=New Brunswick Museum|first=|date=August 2013|website=www.nbm-mnb.ca|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619083949/http://www.nbm-mnb.ca/magnificent_rocks-roches_magnifiques/the_periods-les_periodes/permian_triassic_jurassic-permien_trias_jurassique/people-les_gens/ruth_holden_howard_falcon_lang_and_abby_othman-ruth_holden_howard_falcon_lang_et_abby_othman-eng/|archive-date=19 June 2018|dead-url=yes|access-date=4 November 2018}}
6. ^¹²³{{Cite journal|last=Seward|first=A. C.|date=May 1917|title=RUTH HOLDEN (1890-1917)|url=https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1917.tb07237.x|journal=New Phytologist|language=en|volume=16|issue=5-6|pages=154–156|doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.1917.tb07237.x|issn=0028-646X}}
7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.aauw.org/2014/07/23/not-all-patriots-are-fighters/|title=Not All Patriots Are Fighters|last=Beckman|first=Elizabeth|date=23 July 2014|work=AAUW: Empowering Women Since 1881|access-date=19 June 2018|language=en-US}}
8. ^{{cite news |title=Red Cross Training, Presentation of Certificates by the Mayor |work=Cambridge Independent Press |date=22 January 1915 |accessdate=19 June 2018 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000418/19150122/070/0005| via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://search.findmypast.co.uk/record?id=GBM/RED-CROSS/008635|title=British Army, British Red Cross Society volunteers 1914-1918 Transcription|last=Holden|first=Ruth|date=|website=search.findmypast.co.uk|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=19 June 2018}}
10. ^{{Cite news|url=|title=Newnham College Awards|last=|first=|date=|work=The Times|access-date=|month=|year=|issue=40946|publication-place=London, England|publication-date=30 August 1915|page=4}}
11. ^{{cite news |title=TO SAVE RUSSIA'S BABIES. Women's Maternity unit for Petrograd |work=Nottingham Journal |date=31 January 1916 |accessdate=19 June 2018 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001896/19160131/081/0004| via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}}
12. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article37993796|title=GENERAL ITEMS.|last=|first=|date=10 August 1917|work=Western Mail (Perth, WA : 1885 - 1954)|access-date=19 June 2018|pages=35}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/8/archival_objects/1521842|title=Biographical accounts of Ruth Holden: Edward C. Jeffrey, photocopy of ms. excerpts of article published in Annals of Botany, August 1918. {{!}} HOLLIS for Archival Discovery|last=|first=|date=|website=hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-06-19}}
14. ^{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=24 May 1917|title=Notes|url=https://doi.org/10.1038/099247b0|journal=Nature|language=En|volume=99|issue=2482|pages=247–251|doi=10.1038/099247b0|issn=0028-0836|via=}}
15. ^{{cite news |title=The Millicent Fawcett Hospital Units. IN MEMORIAM: MISS RUTH HOLDEN.|work=Common Cause |date=4 May 1917 |accessdate=21 June 2018 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002227/19170504/034/0008| via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}}
16. ^{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/reportsoftownoff1919attl|title=Annual Reports of the Officers and Departments of the City of Attleboro for the year 1919|last=Attleboro (Mass.)|first=|publisher=|others=Attleboro Public Library|year=1920|isbn=|location=|pages=76, 174}}