| 词条 | Ruth Standish Baldwin |
| 释义 |
Ruth Standish Baldwin (December 5, 1865[1] - December 1934)[2] was the wife of railroad tycoon William Henry Baldwin Jr. and a cofounder of the National Urban League. Her father was Samuel Bowles III. Her daughter married a painter. She graduated from Smith College in 1887.[2][3] She married Baldwin in 1889.[4] They had two children, Ruth Standish Baldwin and William Henry Baldwin III.[5][6] Her husband died in 1905.[1] The same year she joined with Frances Kellor, a social worker and attorney, to form the National League for the Protection of Colored Women in order to protect women migrating to the north who might be "easy targets for con men who could lead them into prostitution". The NLPCW organized to steer women into safe employment instead.[7] She founded the Committee on Urban Conditions Among Negros with George Edmund Haynes in 1910.[8] She commissioned architect Ehrick Rossiter to design the Standish House (1910), later renamed Edgewood.[9] She is credited with influencing her nephew Chester Bowles. She helped found Highlander Folk School at the end of her life.[10] She was friendly with Booker T. Washington and they wrote to each other.[11] References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=74U-AAAAYAAJ&q=ruth+standish+baldwin+bowles&dq=ruth+standish+baldwin+bowles&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZl_qB3dHZAhUEL6wKHV8aD7Q4HhDoAQgtMAE|title=The Massachusetts Magazine: Devoted to Massachusetts History, Genealogy, Biography|date=1 May 2018|publisher=Salem Press Company|via=Google Books}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Baldwin, Ruth}}2. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sMPOAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA19&dq=ruth+standish+baldwin+bowles&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjyore_2tHZAhVSKqwKHfDlBVM4FBDoAQgoMAA#v=onepage&q=ruth+standish+baldwin+bowles&f=false|title=The Smith Alumnae Quarterly|date=1 May 2018|publisher=|via=Google Books}} 3. ^Blacks in the City: A History of the National Urban League https://books.google.com/books?id=YRZCAAAAIAAJ Guichard Parris, Lester Brooks, 1971 page 21 "Ruth Baldwin was a blue-blooded Brahmin, daughter of Samuel Bowles, publisher of the venerable Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican. She traced her ancestors to Miles Standish, one of the first English colonists. She shared her husband's concern for blacks and for reform and enlisted her strength in respectable radicalism as a supporter of many pioneering labor progressive movements and as trustee of her alma mater, Smith College." 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wlEZMHMzWvQC&pg=PA371&dq=ruth+standish+baldwin+bowles&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjU56GB1dHZAhVCA6wKHR7-CwwQ6AEINjAC#v=onepage&q=ruth+standish+baldwin+bowles&f=false|title=The Harvard Graduates' Magazine|date=1 May 2018|publisher=Harvard Graduates' Magazine Association|via=Google Books}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbonAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=ruth+standish+baldwin+bowles&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjU56GB1dHZAhVCA6wKHR7-CwwQ6AEIOzAD#v=onepage&q=ruth+standish+baldwin+bowles&f=false|title=Harvard College Class of 1885 Secretary's Report|first=Harvard College (1780-) Class of|last=1885|date=1 May 2018|publisher=Rockwell and Churchill Press|via=Google Books}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4d_8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PT281&dq=ruth+standish+baldwin+bowles&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjU56GB1dHZAhVCA6wKHR7-CwwQ6AEIRDAF#v=onepage&q=ruth+standish+baldwin+bowles&f=false|title=The Unseen Power: Public Relations: A History|first=Scott M.|last=Cutlip|date=5 November 2013|publisher=Routledge|via=Google Books}} 7. ^https://books.google.com/books?id=mOcDxX0rhukC&pg=PA109&dq=ruth+standish+baldwin+booker+t.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjv5cau3tHZAhUEaq0KHR9VDxUQ6AEIPDAD#v=onepage&q=ruth%20standish%20baldwin%20booker%20t.&f=false page 109 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k1l5AAAAMAAJ&q=ruth+standish+baldwin+urban+affairs+among+negros&dq=ruth+standish+baldwin+urban+affairs+among+negros&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiVt-jC4dHZAhUKeKwKHTkpB8IQ6AEIMDAB|title=Michigan History|date=1 May 1976|publisher=Michigan Department of State|via=Google Books}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aVDGdahD9EIC&pg=PA302&dq=ruth+standish+baldwin+bowles&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjPl_2c2dHZAhUDYawKHUXuD3o4ChDoAQg_MAQ#v=onepage&q=ruth+standish+baldwin+bowles&f=false|title=Built to Last: 100+ Year-Old Hotels in New York|first1=Stanley|last1=Turkel|first2=Stanley Turkel Cmhs|last2=Ishc|date=1 May 2018|publisher=AuthorHouse|via=Google Books}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTr8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA310&dq=ruth+standish+baldwin+highlander+folk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjWo42N4tHZAhVFAqwKHZ7XCvkQ6AEIPTAE#v=onepage&q=ruth+standish+baldwin+highlander+folk&f=false|title=The Unseen Power: Public Relations: A History|first=Scott M.|last=Cutlip|date=5 November 2013|publisher=Routledge|via=Google Books}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JH0pL8uqRyAC&pg=PA172&dq=ruth+standish+baldwin+booker+t.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjv5cau3tHZAhUEaq0KHR9VDxUQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=ruth+standish+baldwin+booker+t.&f=false|title=Booker T. Washington Papers Volume 13: 1914-15. Assistant Editors, Susan Valenza and Sadie M. Harlan|first1=Booker T.|last1=Washington|first2=Louis R.|last2=Harlan|date=1 November 1984|publisher=University of Illinois Press|via=Google Books}} 4 : 1865 births|1934 deaths|American founders|Smith College alumni |
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