“Río Blanco strike”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Río Blanco strike of January 7 and 8, 1907 was a workers' riot related to a textile strike, near Orizaba in the Mexican state of Veracruz.

Background and early stages

Following a two-week railroad strike in the summer of 1906, further labor unrest developed among cotton and textile workers in the neighboring states of Tlaxcala and Puebla. Central Mexican textile workers had organized as the Gran Círculo de Obreros Libres ("Great Circle of Free Workers"), and 93 of the factory owners, most of them French, had formed a trade group called Centro Industrial Mexicano. On the other side, a political party called the Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM) had been established in 1906 and quickly became involved in assertively pressing for industrial and rural reform. At both the French-controlled Rio Blanco textile factory and the American-owned Cananea Copper Company PLM literature was subsequently to be found in the workers' settlements.^[1]

After a Christmas Eve lockout by the owners, the administration of President Porfirio Díaz reached a temporary labor settlement. Some workers of the large Río Blanco mill near Orizaba had not joined any strike. Still they were blacklisted, left locked out of work, and were refused access to provisions from the monopoly company store.^[2]

Outbreak of violence

On January 7 a stone-throwing crowd of about 2,000 rioted, with many of the attacks focused on company property. An initial clash between strikers and Rio Blanco employees who were returning to work led to shots being fired and the burning of the company store. Rurales (mounted police), led by the local political jefe (official) Carlos Herrera, appeared but did not intervene.^[3]

On the same day the mob ransacked the homes of the wealthy, released prisoners from jail, and went afield to Nogales and Necoxtla to burn and loot their company stores as well. By the end of the day, soldiers from nearby Oriziba had killed 18. Hundreds more had been arrested or chased into the surrounding hills.^[4]

Repression

Federal troops from Mexico City arrived on the 8th on the personal orders of Díaz. Six strike leaders were identified by evening and executed, on the smoking ruins of the company store, the next morning. Conservative casualty figures range from 50 to 70 dead, and hundreds wounded.^[5] The relatively liberal Herrera was replaced by a hardline army colonel Francisco Ruiz as jefe. Lurid accounts of railroad wagons being sighted laden with the bodies of dead workers, were circulated by political enemies of the Diaz regime.^[6] The incident became linked with the Cananea strike of June 1906 as two symbols of the Díaz administration's corruption, subservience to foreign interests and civil repression. They became "household words for hundreds of thousands of Mexicans".^[7]

References

1. ^Michael C. Meyer and William H. Beezley, page 437 "The Oxford History of Mexico", {{ISBN|0-19-511228-8}}
2. ^Concise Encyclopedia of Mexico, by Michael S. Werner, published by Taylor & Francis, 2001, page 283
3. ^Disorder and Progress: Bandits, Police, and Mexican Development By Paul J. Vanderwood, Rowman & Littlefield, 1992, pages 146-147
4. ^Disorder and Progress: Bandits, Police, and Mexican Development By Paul J. Vanderwood, Rowman & Littlefield, 1992, page 147
5. ^The Mexican Revolution, 1910-1940, by Michael J. Gonzales, UNM Press, 2002, page 64
6. ^Disorder and Progress: Bandits, Police, and Mexican Development By Paul J. Vanderwood, Rowman & Littlefield, 1992, page 147
7. ^The Cambridge History of Latin America, by Leslie Bethell, Cambridge University Press, 1986, page 66