| 词条 | Alfredo Rocco |
| 释义 |
| name = Alfredo Rocco | image = Alfredo Rocco.gif | order2 = Italian Minister of Justice | primeminister2 = Benito Mussolini | term_start2 = 5 January 1925 | term_end2 = 20 July 1932 | predecessor2 = Aldo Oviglio | successor2 = Pietro De Francisci | order = President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies | term_start = 24 May 1924 | term_end = 5 January 1925 | predecessor = Enrico De Nicola | successor = Antonio Casertano | birth_date = {{birth-date|9 September 1875}} | birth_place = Napoli, Italy | death_date = {{death-date and age|28 August 1935|9 September 1875}} | death_place = Rome, Italy | nationality = Italian | religion = Roman Catholic | alma_mater = | profession = | children = | spouse = | party = Radical Party (until 1910) Italian Nationalist Association (1910–1923) National Fascist Party (1923–1935) }} Alfredo Rocco (9 September 1875 – 28 August 1935) was an Italian politician and jurist. Born in Naples, he was Professor of Commercial Law at the University of Urbino (1899–1902) and in Macerata (1902–1905), then Professor of Civil Procedure in Parma, of Business Law in Padua, and later of Economic Legislation at "La Sapienza" University of Rome, of which he was rector from 1932 to 1935. Rocco as an economist-minded politician developed the early concept of the economic and political theory of corporatism[1] which, later adapted, would become part of the ideology of the National Fascist Party. Rocco began his political career as a Marxist in the Radical Party but eventually turned to the "proletarian nationalism" of the Italian Nationalist Association (ANI), a political party that he had major influences on.[2][3] Rocco was critical of Italy's weak material and economic power which he said was responsible for Italian dependence on the European "plutocracies" of France, Germany, and the United Kingdom.[4] Rocco also denounced the European powers for imposing foreign culture on Italy and criticized the European powers for endorsing too much individualism.[5] In 1920 he became director of the newspaper L'Idea nazionale, official organ of the Nationalist Association.[6] He later joined the National Fascist Party once they merged with the Italian Nationalist Association.[7] In a 1925 speech Rocco interpreted the ideology of fascism as the means by which the individual is sacrificed for the good of society, declaring: "For Liberalism, the individual is the end and society the means… For Fascism, society is the end, individuals the means, and its whole life consists in using individuals as instruments for its social ends."[8] Elected in 1921 at the Chamber of Deputies, of which he was President in 1924, from 1925 to 1932 he was Minister of Justice and promoted the criminal codification, by signing in 1930 the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure (with the help of Vincenzo Manzini), and reconciling Classical and Positivist school with the system of so-called "double track". From 1925 to 1935, Rocco was the italian representative in the International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation of the League of Nations.[9] From 1932 to 1935 Rocco was rector of the University "La Sapienza" of Rome. References1. ^Payne, Stanley G. 1996. A History of Fascism, 1914–1945. Routledge. Pp. 64 2. ^Dylan Riley, The Civic Foundations for Fascism in Europe: Italy, Spain and Romania 1870-1945, London and New York, Verso, 2010, p. 227 3. ^Allan Todd, Sally Waller, Jean Bottaro, History for the IB Diploma, Paper 3: European States in the Inter-War Years, 1918-1939, Cambridge University Press, 2016, p. 194 4. ^Gregor, James A. 2005. Mussolini's Intellectuals: Fascist Social and Political Thought.Princeton: Princeton University Press. p42 5. ^Gregor. p42-43 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Fonzo|first1=Erminio|title=Storia dell'Associazione nazionalista italiana (1910–1923)|date=2017|publisher=Edizioni scientifiche italiane|location=Napoli|isbn=978-88-495-3350-7}} 7. ^{{cite web | last = Chilton | first = Stephen | title = Notes on Ball & Dagger reader; Alfredo Rocco (1925 [trans. 1926])"The Political Theory of Fascism" | work = Selections from The Political Doctrine of Fascism | publisher = The University of Minnesota | date = 22 April 2005 | url = http://www.d.umn.edu/~schilton/1610/Readings/1610.B+DReader.Rocco.PoliticalTheoryOfFascism.html | format = Web | doi = | accessdate = 2007-06-14 }} 8. ^Alfredo Rocco, “The Political Doctrine of Fascism,” speech delivered at Perugia, 30 August 1925. Speech printed in A Primer of Italian Fascism, Jeffrey T. Schnapp, edit., University of Nebraska Press, 2000, p. 112 9. ^{{cite book |last=Grandjean |first=Martin |date=2018 |title=Les réseaux de la coopération intellectuelle. La Société des Nations comme actrice des échanges scientifiques et culturels dans l'entre-deux-guerres |trans-title=The Networks of Intellectual Cooperation. The League of Nations as an Actor of the Scientific and Cultural Exchanges in the Inter-War Period |url=https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01853903 |language=fr |location=Lausanne |publisher=Université de Lausanne}}
External links{{Wikiquote}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Rocco, Alfredo}} 16 : 1875 births|1935 deaths|People from Naples|Italian Nationalist Association|Members of the Grand Council of Fascism|Italian Ministers of Justice|Mussolini Cabinet|Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Deputies of Legislature XXVI of the Kingdom of Italy|Deputies of Legislature XXVII of the Kingdom of Italy|Deputies of Legislature XXVIII of the Kingdom of Italy|Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy|Politicians of Campania|Italian newspaper founders|Intellectual Cooperation|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。