| 词条 | Alfred Schlemm |
| 释义 |
|name=Alfred Schlemm |birth_date={{birth date|1894|12|18|df=y}} |death_date={{Death date and age|1986|1|24|1894|12|18|df=y}} |birth_place= |death_place= |image=Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-579-1962-23, Italien, Alfred Schlemm.jpg |caption= |nickname= |allegiance={{flag|Nazi Germany}} |serviceyears=1913–45 |branch=Luftwaffe |rank=General der Fallschirmtruppe |commands=XI Fliegerkorps 1st Flieger-Division II Luftwaffe Field Corps 1st Parachute Army |unit= |battles=Anzio Battle of the Reichswald |awards=Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |laterwork= }} Alfred Schlemm (18 December 1894 – 24 January 1986) was a German General der Fallschirmtruppe in the Wehrmacht. His last command in World War II opposed the advance of the First Canadian Army through the Reichswald in February 1945. Early life and military careerSchlemm joined the Prussian Army in 1913. During the inter-war years, Schlemm served in a variety of staff, training and regimental posts until, in October 1937, he was attached to the Reich Air Ministry. In February 1938, he transferred from the Army to the Luftwaffe and was appointed to the Luftwaffe General Staff and in June 1938, he became Chief of Staff of Air Defense Zone West. World War IIIn October 1939, he became Chief of Staff of Luftgau [Air Zone] XI, under Generalleutnant Ludwig Wolff and in December 1940, Schlemm was appointed Chief of Staff of the XI Air Corps under General der Flieger Kurt Student. The Corps was the headquarters staff of Germany's parachute and air landing forces which, on 20 May 1941, the Germans used for Operation Merkur, the airborne invasion of Crete. At least 6,000 airborne troops were lost and the conquest of Crete effectively ended all plans for large-scale German airborne operations. Eastern FrontFrom February 1942, Schlemm was attached to the General Command of the 8th Air Corps (Generaloberst Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen) on the Eastern Front, where he became Commander of Luftwaffen-Gefechtsverbande ("Battle Formation") Schlemm assigned to the XXXX Panzer Corps and the LVI Panzer Corps in General der Infanterie Gotthard Heinrici’s 4th Army. Schlemm became commander of the 1st Air Division in June 1942. In October 1942, he became Commanding General of the II Luftwaffe Field Corps on the Eastern Front and, later, in Italy. Schlemm's corps comprised four Luftwaffe Field Divisions and held the line from south of Nevel to the Dvina River east of Vitebsk, under the 3rd Panzer Army of Army Group Centre. In February and March 1943, the II Luftwaffe Field Corps participated in Operation Kugelblitz against the Soviet partisan northeast of Vitebsk. On 6 October 1943, part of Schlemm's corps collapsed under a major Soviet attack, resulting in a 10-mile gap in the German lines and the abandonment of Nevel. The entire II Luftwaffe Field Corps fell back to new positions west of Gorodok. ItalyWithdrawn from the line in November 1943, Schlemm's four divisions were attached to the LIII and IX Army Corps and were transferred to Italy. On 1 January 1944, Schlemm's headquarters staff, redesignated as 1st Air Corps, took control of a reserve force of 24,000 troops in the Rome area. They were initially dispatched from Rome to bolster the Winter Line along the Garigliano River, but soon Schlemm's corps were urgently transferred to oppose the Allied beachhead at Anzio (Operation Shingle). Schlemm led the German troops for three days until command formally passed to Generaloberst Eberhard von Mackensen, Commander-in-Chief of the 14th Army. The Corps fought at Anzio for the next three months. Schlemm was cited in the official Armed Forces Communiqué and received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his efforts. After the Winter Line was breached at Cassino and the Anzio bridgehead breakout, Schlemm's Corps joined the German withdrawal through central Italy. By August 1944, they were lodged in the Arno and Gothic Line defensive positions in the northern Apennines. Schlemm relinquished command of the Corps to Generalleutnant Richard Heidrich. ReichswaldSchlemm succeeded Generaloberst Kurt Student as Commander-in-Chief of the 1st Parachute Army on the Western Front in the Netherlands. The 1st Parachute Army was engaged defending the Reichswald against the Canadian First Army during Operation Veritable. The Canadian First Army and Lieutenant-General William H Simpson’s U.S. Ninth Army compressed Schlemm's forces into a small bridgehead on the west bank of the Rhine opposite Wesel. On 10 March 1945, the rearguard of the 1st Parachute Army evacuated their bridgehead, destroying the bridge behind them. He was wounded in an air attack on his command post at Haltern eleven days later and command of his forces passed to General Günther Blumentritt. Alfred Schlemm died on 24 January 1986 at Ahlten near Hannover. Awards and decorationsReferencesCitations1. ^Thomas & Wegmann 1986, p. 263. 2. ^Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 408. 3. ^Fellgiebel 2000, p. 378. Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last=Fellgiebel |first=Walther-Peer |authorlink=Walther-Peer Fellgiebel |year=2000 |origyear=1986 |title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile |trans-title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches |language=German |location=Friedberg, Germany |publisher=Podzun-Pallas |isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6 }}
|last1=Patzwall |first1=Klaus D. |last2=Scherzer |first2=Veit |year=2001 |title=Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II |trans-title=The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 |language=German |location=Norderstedt, Germany |publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall |isbn=978-3-931533-45-8 }}
|last1=Thomas |first1=Franz |last2=Wegmann |first2=Günter |year=1986 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger der Deutschen Wehrmacht 1939–1945 Teil II: Fallschirmjäger |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers of the German Wehrmacht 1939–1945 Part II: Paratroopers |language=German |location=Osnabrück, Germany |publisher=Biblio-Verlag |isbn=978-3-7648-1461-8 }}{{Refend}}{{s-start}}{{s-mil}}{{succession box| before=General Martin Fiebig| after=Generalleutnant Hermann Plocher| title=Commander of 1. Flieger-Division (1942-1945)| years=1 July 1942 – 1 October 1942 }}{{s-bef|before=Generaloberst Kurt Student}}{{s-ttl|title=Commander of 1. Fallschirmarmee|years=18 November 1944 – 20 March 1945}}{{s-aft|after=General der Infanterie Günther Blumentritt}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Biography | portal2=Military of Germany | portal3=World War I | portal4=World War II }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Schlemm, Alfred}} 12 : 1894 births|1986 deaths|People from Rudolstadt|People from Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt|German military personnel of World War I|Luftwaffe World War II generals|Generals of Parachute Troops|Knights of the House Order of Hohenzollern|Recipients of the Gold German Cross|Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross|German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom|Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class |
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