“Same-sex marriage in Tlaxcala”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Same-sex marriage is currently not legal in the Mexican state of Tlaxcala. Civil unions, which grant several of the rights of marriage, have been available for same-sex couples since 12 January 2017.

History

Legislative action

Civil unions

In February 2014, PRD Deputy Eréndira Montiel Jiménez promised to present bills to eradicate discrimination and for a law of coexistence.^[1] The proposed law, introduced on 3 April 2014, outlined the legal framework to eliminate discrimination and to develop a form of coexistence "that has the purpose of marriage or concubinage".^[2] In June 2014, activists urged Congress to act in favor of the civil union and anti-discrimination bills submitted by Montiel Jiménez.^[3]

On 29 December 2016, the Congress of Tlaxcala approved the coexistence bill proposed by Montiel Jiménez, in an 18-4 vote. Two PAN deputies walked out in protest as the voting happened. The bill established an institution called sociedad de convivencia solidaria, which provides cohabiting same-sex and opposite-sex couples with many of the same rights and obligations of marriage.^[4]^[5] It was published in the official journal, following the Governor's signature, on 11 January 2017 and took effect the following day.^[6]

Marriage

Two bills were presented to the Tlaxcala Congress on 2 October 2009 to legalize same-sex marriage and eliminate discrimination.^[7] The initiative was blocked in 2010 by officials,^[8] and in fact, the state, along with officials from Guanajuato, Jalisco, Morelos and Sonora, sent a formal challenge to the acceptance of same-sex marriage passed by the Federal District.^[9] In June 2011, activists questioned why no action had been taken and were told that the initiatives were still "climbing the roster."^[10]^[11]

President of the Committee for Gender Equality and Anti-Trafficking of Persons of the Congress of Tlxacala, María Antonieta Stankiewicz Ramírez, announced that a same-sex marriage bill would be debated within the committee sometime in July 2016, though no vote happened.^[12] On 13 October 2017, the New Alliance Party introduced a new same-sex marriage to the State Congress.^[13] The July 2018 elections resulted in the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) and the Labor Party, pro-same-sex marriage parties, winning the majority of legislative seats in Tlaxcala.^[14]

Injunctions

In June 2015, it was announced that since the Supreme Court's ruling holding same-sex marriage bans unconstitutional, 15 couples had gone to the Civil Registry in Tlaxcala asking to marry. All had been rejected per state law. The Comisión Estatal de Derechos Humanos helped a lesbian couple with the amparo process and advised that they will assist others in obtaining injunctions.^[15] On 18 January 2016, the first marriage via amparo took place in Tlaxcala. The lesbian couple had been one of the couples who went to the Civil Registry in June 2015. The amparo was only granted after the Commission interceded on their behalf.^[16]

Public opinion

A 2017 opinion poll conducted by Gabinete de Comunicación Estratégica found that 51% of Tlaxcala residents supported same-sex marriage. 48% were opposed.^[17]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://pulsored.com.mx/web/?p=25362|title=Anuncia diputada agenda legislativa que permita el respeto a la diversidad sexual en Tlaxcala|work=pulsored.com.mx|access-date=30 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904090819/http://pulsored.com.mx/web/?p=25362|archive-date=4 September 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://elcuartodeguerra.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=20191:presentan-en-congreso-de-tlaxcala-iniciativa-para-crear-la-ley-de-sociedades-de-convivencia&catid=103:local&Itemid=73|title=Presentan en Tlaxcala iniciativa para crear Ley de Sociedades de Convivencia|author=Víctor Manuel Acosta Pérez|work=elcuartodeguerra.com}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://385grados.com/?p=21314|title=Comunidad gay de Tlaxcala no cejará en su lucha por defender derechos; dicen que también pagan impuestos|work=385 Grados México}}
4. ^{{es icon}} Aprueba Congreso de Tlaxcala Ley de Sociedades de Convivencia
5. ^{{es icon}} Tlaxcala séptima entidad en contar con una Ley de Sociedades en Convivencia {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101001353/http://pulsored.com.mx/web/?p=125882 |date=1 January 2017 }}
6. ^{{es icon}} Periódico Oficial No. 2 Primera Sección, Enero 11 del 2017
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.comunicatedigital.com/nota_tlaxcala.php?notanum=6029|title=:: Comunic@te Digital - Parejas homosexuales celebraron bodas simbólicas gay en Tlaxcala::|work=comunicatedigital.com|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903073134/http://www.comunicatedigital.com/nota_tlaxcala.php?notanum=6029|archivedate=3 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/703140.html|title=El Universal - - Tlaxcala, en contra de matrimonios gay|date=22 June 2013|work=eluniversal.com.mx}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://panycircco.wordpress.com/2011/08/25/las-tendencias-retrogradas-y-ultra-conservadoras-de-los-gobiernos-panistas/|title=Las tendencias retrogradas y ultra conservadoras de los gobiernos panistas.|work=Pan y Circco}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.animalpolitico.com/2011/06/marcha-comunidad-gay-de-tlaxcala-en-demanda-de-ley/|title=Marcha comunidad gay de Tlaxcala en demanda de ley|work=Animal Político}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vanguardia.com.mx/demanda_comunidad_gay_de_tlaxcala_ley_contra_discriminacion-744847.html|title=Demanda comunidad gay de Tlaxcala ley contra discriminación|work=vanguardia.com.mx|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905010935/http://www.vanguardia.com.mx/demanda_comunidad_gay_de_tlaxcala_ley_contra_discriminacion-744847.html|archivedate=5 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://e-tlaxcala.mx/nota/2016-07-05/congreso/en-este-mes-estara-lista-la-reforma-pro-matrimonios-igualitarios |author=Pérez, Lucía |title=En este mes estará lista la reforma pro matrimonios igualitarios: Stankiewicz |publisher=e-consulta.com |date=5 July 2016}}
13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.elsoldetlaxcala.com.mx/local/724537-proponen-legalizar-el-matrimonio-entre-personas-del-mismo-en-sexo|title=Proponen legalizar el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo en Tlaxcala|access-date=2017-10-14|language=es}}
14. ^{{es icon}} [https://riodoce.mx/gob-politica/dip-locales/buscara-morena-legislar-matrimonio-igualitario-en-sinaloa Buscará Morena legislar matrimonio igualitario en Sinaloa]
15. ^{{cite news|last1=Santillán|first1=Gerardo|title=Al menos 15 parejas del mismo sexo han pedido informes para casarse en el Registro Civil capitalino|url=http://e-tlaxcala.mx/nota/2015-06-29/ciudad/al-menos-15-parejas-del-mismo-sexo-han-pedido-informes-para-casarse-en-el|accessdate=30 June 2015|publisher=E-Consulta Tlaxcala|date=29 June 2015|location=Tlaxcala, Mexico|language=Spanish}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=Celebra Tlaxcala primer matrimonio igualitario|url=http://m.e-tlaxcala.mx/nota/2016-01-18/tlaxcala/celebra-tlaxcala-primer-matrimonio-igualitario|accessdate=19 January 2016|publisher=E-Consulta|date=18 January 2016|location=Tlaxcala, Mexico|language=Spanish}}
17. ^{{es icon}} Encuesta nacional 2017, Gabinete de Comunicación Estratégica