| 词条 | Samuel W. Starks |
| 释义 |
| name = Samuel W. Starks | image = Samuel W. Starks (cropped).jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1866|03|10}}[1]{{rp|4}} | birth_place = Charleston, West Virginia, USA | death_date = {{Death date and age|1908|04|03|1866|03|10}} | death_place = Charleston, West Virginia, USA | education = {{unbulleted list|Bryant & Stratton College}} | occupation = Librarian | nationality = American}} Samuel W. Starks (March 10, 1866 – April 3, 1908) was an African American community leader who achieved national prominence through his leadership in the fraternal order the Knights of Pythias.[1] Starks was the first African American to serve as a state librarian when he was appointed as the West Virginia state librarian in 1901. Life and careerSamuel W. Starks was born and raised in Charleston, West Virginia.[1]{{rp|4}} As a child, he worked as an apprentice to a cooper.[1] He held a number of jobs as a young man, including clerk and telegraph operator for multiple railroads, manager of a mercantile, and manager of the Advocate Publishing Company.[5] Starks attended the Bryant & Stratton Business College in Chicago, Illinois to study stenography and bookkeeping.[2][3] He organized a number of business ventures in West Virginia and Ohio and was active in West Virginia politics, fighting against efforts to institute racial segregation in the state's public transportation services.[4] Starks was best known outside of West Virginia for his work in the fraternal order the Knights of Pythias.[5] He helped found the Capitol City Lodge No. 1 in Charleston, and served for sixteen years as the grand chancellor of the state's black Pythians order.[5] He was elected to the Knights of Pythias's highest national office, supreme chancellor, in 1897.[11] While Starks led the organization, its national membership grew from 9,000 to nearly 150,000, including adding 38,000 to the group's women's department, the Order of Calanthe.[11] Starks encouraged members to pool their money to assist black business owners and entrepreneurs in purchasing property; the organization started the Pythian Mutual Investment Association for this purpose in 1902, and Starks served in the role of president of the association.[11][3] In 1901 West Virginia Governor Albert Blakeslee White appointed Starks to serve as the state librarian, the first African-American to serve as a state librarian.[6] He was reappointed by the following governor, William M. O. Dawson, and served in this role until his death.[1]{{rp|5}} Starks died in Charleston on April 3, 1908.[7] Governor Dawson spoke at his funeral, which thousands of people attended.[8] He was buried in Spring Hill Cemetery in Charleston, and in 1911 the Knights of Pythias erected a 32-foot granite memorial at his gravesite.[9]{{rp|7}} LegacyThe Samuel Starks House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.[10] References1. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Curtis |first1=Nancy C. |title=Black Heritage Sites: An African American Odyssey and Finder's Guide |date=1996 |publisher=American Library Association |location=Chicago, Illinois |isbn=0838906435 |page=257}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunlap, Mollie E.}}2. ^1 {{cite book |title=Progressive Americans of the twentieth century : containing biographical sketches of distinguished Americans |date=1910 |publisher=Progressive Publishing Company |location=Chicago, Illinois |page=360}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |title=Samuel Starks House |url=https://www.theclio.com/web/entry?id=17721 |website=Clio |accessdate=3 April 2019 |date=2015}} 4. ^{{cite book |editor1-last=Wynar |editor1-first=Bohdan S. |title=Dictionary of American Library Biography |date=1978 |publisher=Libraries Unlimited |location=Littleton, Colorado |isbn=0872871800 |pages=503-504}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Bickley |first1=Ancella R. |title=Samuel W. Starks |url=https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/555 |website=e-WV: the West Virginia Encyclopedia |accessdate=3 April 2019 |date=8 December 2015}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |title=This Week in History |url=https://www.journal-news.net/journal-news/this-week-in-history/article_9ec8f0fd-053a-5a4d-b35e-63c06071a71f.html |accessdate=2 April 2019 |work=The Journal |date=31 March 2019 |location=Martinsburg, West Virginia}} 7. ^{{cite web |last1=Powell |first1=Bob |title=April 3, 1908: Samuel Starks State Librarian Dies |url=https://www.wvpublic.org/post/april-3-1908-samuel-starks-state-librarian-dies |website=WV Public Broadcasting |accessdate=2 April 2019}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=Samuel W. Starks |url=http://www.wvculture.org/history/archives/blacks/starks.html |website=West Virginia Archives & History |publisher=West Virginia Division of Culture and History |accessdate=2 April 2019}} 9. ^1 2 3 {{cite report |last=Hunt |first=Mary M. |date=1987 |title=National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form |url=http://www.wvculture.org/shpo/nr/pdf/kanawha/87002526.pdf |access-date=2 April 2019}} 10. ^{{cite web |title=Historic Houses of Charleston |url=https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/print/ExhibitHall/23 |website=e-WV: the West Virginia Encyclopedia |accessdate=3 April 2019}} 5 : African-American librarians|American librarians|1866 births|1908 deaths|People from Charleston, West Virginia |
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