| 词条 | Sandpit |
| 释义 |
A sandpit (most Commonwealth countries) or sandbox (US/Canada) is a low, wide container or shallow depression filled with soft (beach) sand in which children can play. Sharp sand (as used in the building industry) is not suitable for such use. Many homeowners with children build sandpits in their backyards because, unlike most playground equipment, they can easily and cheaply be constructed. A "sandpit" or "sandbox" may also denote an open pit sand mine.[1][2] HistoryGerman sand gardens were the first organization of children's play in public spaces.[3][4] The German “sand gardens” were an 1850 offshoot of Friedrich Froebel’s work on kindergartens.[5] In 1886, Dr. Marie Zakrsewska, who while visiting in Berlin, in summer[6] of 1885, observed sand gardens.[7] Zakrsewska introduced sand gardens to America, starting in her home city of Boston.[8][9][4][10][11][12][4][13][14] Joseph Lee is considered the "founder of the playground movement.[9][15] Physical descriptionThe "pit" or "box" itself is simply a container for storing the sand so that it does not spread outward across lawns or other surrounding surfaces. Boxes of various shapes are often constructed from planks, logs, or other large wooden frames that allow children easy access to the sand and also provide a convenient place to sit. Small sandpits are also available commercially. These are usually made from plastic or wood and are often shaped like an animal or other objects familiar to children. They sometimes also have lids to cover the sand when not in use, so that passing animals cannot contaminate the sand by urinating or defecating in it. Having lids also prevents the sand in outdoor sandpits from getting wet when it rains, although some dampness is often desirable as it helps the sand hold together. Prefabricated sandpits may also be used indoors, especially in day care facilities. Materials other than sand are also often used, such as oatmeal, which are necessarily non-toxic and light enough to easily vacuum up. Sandpits can have a solid bottom or they can be built directly onto the soil. The latter allows free drainage (which is useful if the top is open) but can lead to contamination of the sand with soil if the children dig down to the ground. The sand gets dirty over time and is eventually replaced. Many schools and playgrounds in North America have replaced sand around play structures with a wood chip mixture, as it is cheaper. See also
References1. ^{{cite news |work=Los Angeles Times |title=Sandpit Owners Ordered to Take Corrective Steps |page=OC–A1 |date=15 July 1969 |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/655737632.html?dids=655737632:655737632&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jul+15%2C+1969&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Sandpit+Owners+Ordered+to+Take+Corrective+Steps&pqatl=google |format=Subscription required}} 2. ^{{cite news |work=The New York Times |title=$75-Million Industry Park Planned for L.I. Sandpit |date=October 8, 1967 |first=Arnold H. |last=Lubasch |page=R1 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/10/08/archives/75million-industry-park-planned-for-li-sandpit-75million-industry.html |format=Subscription required}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://savingplaces.org/stories/how-we-came-to-play-the-history-of-playgrounds/|title=How We Came to Play: The History of Playgrounds - National Trust for Historic Preservation|publisher=}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.play-scapes.com/play-design/natural-playgrounds/the-garden-and-the-playground/|title=The Garden and the Playground - Playscapes|date=29 August 2012|publisher=}} 5. ^{{cite news |last1=Lange |first1=Alexandra |title=An Intellectual History of the Sandbox |url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2018/06/history-of-the-sandbox-the-origins-of-a-playground-for-kids-and-ideas.html |accessdate=18 June 2018 |work=Slate |date=18 June 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P4YYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=sand+1885|title=The Play Movement in the United States: A Study of Community Recreation|first=Clarence Elmer|last=Rainwater|date=22 August 2018|publisher=University of Chicago Press|via=Google Books}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.pgpedia.com/s/sand-gardens|title=Sand Gardens|website=www.pgpedia.com}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.biggamehunters.co.uk/acatalog/History-of-Sandpits.html|title=What is a Sandpit? The History of Sandpits|website=www.biggamehunters.co.uk|access-date=2018-09-12}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2014/03/28/how-american-playground-was-born-boston/5i2XrMCjCkuu5521uxleEL/story.html|title=How the American playground was born in Boston - The Boston Globe|publisher=}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.prm.nau.edu/prm346-old/sand_garden.htm|title=blank|website=www.prm.nau.edu}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://natureexplore.org/the-history-of-playing-outdoors/|title=The History of Playing Outdoors - Nature Explore Program|date=22 May 2014|publisher=}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://natureexplore.org/the-story-of-the-sand-pile-1886/|title=The Story of the Sand Pile (1886) - Nature Explore Program|date=24 April 2014|publisher=}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.play-scapes.com/play-history/pre-1900/a-brief-history-of-the-sandbox/|title=A Brief History of the Sandbox - Playscapes|date=29 November 2009|publisher=}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.architekturfuerkinder.ch/index.php/geschichte/ueberblick-usa/|title=U.S. Playground movement : Architektur für Kinder|website=www.architekturfuerkinder.ch}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://hnr.k-state.edu/doc/rres-210/boston-sand-gardens.pdf |title=Boston sand garden |website=hnr.k-state.edu |format=PDF}} External links{{Wiktionary|sandpit}}
4 : Childhood|Playground equipment|Sand|Play (activity) |
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