| 词条 | Al Hamra Tower | ||
| 释义 |
| name = Al Hamra Tower | native_name = Burj Alhamra | native_name_lang = برج الحمراء | former_names = Al Hamra Firduos Tower | status = Complete | image = Alhamra Tower.jpg | caption = Al Hamra Tower in November 2011 | altitude = {{convert|39|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}} | building_type = Offices, Shopping mall | architectural_style = Sculpted | material = Concrete | cost = $500 million | owner = Al hamra Real Estate Co. | address = 13085 Jaber Al-Mubarak Street | location_town = Kuwait City | location_country = Kuwait | coordinates = {{coord|29.3790|47.9932|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | map_type = Kuwait | groundbreaking_date = | start_date = 2005 | completion_date = 2011 | opened_date = | inauguration_date = 2011 | relocated_date = | renovation_date = | closing_date = | demolition_date = | destruction_date = | diameter = | circumference = | architectural = {{convert|414|m|ft|abbr=on}} | tip = {{convert|414|m|ft|abbr=on}} | antenna_spire = | roof = {{convert|368|m|ft|abbr=on}} | top_floor = 80 | observatory = | other_dimensions = | floor_count = 80 | floor_area = | seating_type = | seating_capacity = | elevator_count = 43 | grounds_area = | architect = Gary Paul Haney or Callison Skidmore Owings & Merrill | architecture_firm = | structural_engineer = Skidmore Owings & Merrill | services_engineer = BMT Fluid Mechanics Ltd. Momentive Hitachi | civil_engineer = | quantity_surveyor = | main_contractor = Ahmadiah Contracting and Trading Company | awards = 2012 Best Tall Building Middle East & Africa Finalist | designations = | ren_architect = | ren_firm = | ren_str_engineer = | ren_serv_engineer = | ren_civ_engineer = | ren_oth_designers = | ren_qty_surveyor = | ren_awards = | rooms = | parking = | website = http://www.alhamra.com.kw/ | embedded = | references = {{ref label|note02|1|^}} | highest_region = Kuwait | highest_reflabel = | highest_prev = Arraya Tower | highest_start = 2011 | highest_end = | highest_next = }} The Al Hamra Tower is a skyscraper in Kuwait City, Kuwait. It is the tallest building in Kuwait. ProfileConstruction of the skyscraper started in 2005.[1] It was completed in 2011.[1] Designed by architectural firms Skidmore, Owings, Merrill and Ramshir and Callison, it is the tallest carved concrete skyscraper in the world, and the thirtieth tallest building in the world at {{convert|414|m|ft|abbr=on}}.[1] The building utilizes wrapped glass facades on the east, north, and west both for aesthetics and to reduce the amount of reflective surface area on the south facade, which also features brushed Jura limestone. Flared walls reaching from the southwest and southeast corners of the core span the entire height of the tower, and there is a column-free 24-meter-tall lobby[2][3] The landscape was designed by Francis Landscapes The tower was included in the list of the best inventions of 2011 by TIME magazine.[4] Awards
GallerySee also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/kuwait-city/al-hamra-tower/208/|title=Al Hamra Tower - The Skyscraper Center |author=|date= |website=www.skyscrapercenter.com}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ctbuh.org/TallBuildings/FeaturedTallBuildings/FeaturedTallBuildingArchive2012/AlHamraFirdousTowerKuwaitCity/tabid/3859/language/en-GB/Default.aspx|title=Al Hamra Firdous Tower, Kuwait City|website=www.ctbuh.org|access-date=2016-05-31}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://aiany.aiany.org/?section=2013_Design_Awards_Winners|title=AIA New York Chapter : 2013 Design Awards Winners|website=aiany.aiany.org|access-date=2016-05-31}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Al Hamra Tower|url=http://www.som.com/projects/al_hamra_tower|publisher=SOM|accessdate=30 September 2014}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.emporis.com/awards/2011|title=Emporis Skyscraper Award 2011 - Emporis Skyscraper Award - EMPORIS|first=Emporis|last=GmbH|date=|website=www.emporis.com}} 6. ^Infos at designbuild-network.com 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chi-athenaeum.org/archawards/2008/alhmrafirdous.html|title=2008 American Architecture Award (The Chicago Athenaeum)|author=|date=|website=chi-athenaeum.org|access-date=2014-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306160400/http://www.chi-athenaeum.org/archawards/2008/alhmrafirdous.html|archive-date=2012-03-06|dead-url=yes|df=}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://chi-athenaeum.org/intarch/2008/alhamratower.html|title=2008 International Architecture Awards (The Chicago Athenaeum)|author=|date=|website=chi-athenaeum.org|access-date=2014-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417123744/http://www.chi-athenaeum.org/intarch/2008/alhamratower.html|archive-date=2013-04-17|dead-url=yes|df=}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.wmprotek.com/Mipim.aspx|title=Protek - The Intelligent Underfloor Air Conditioning System|author=|date=|website=www.wmprotek.com}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.som.com/awards/service/6?field_year_value=&org=&title=&title_field_value=&page=6&field_year_value=&org=&title=&title_field_value=&page=6|title=Infos at som.com|author=|date=|website=som.com|access-date=2014-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202101614/https://www.som.com/awards/service/6?field_year_value=&org=&title=&title_field_value=&page=6&field_year_value=&org=&title=&title_field_value=&page=6|archive-date=2014-02-02|dead-url=yes|df=}} External links
6 : 2011 establishments in Kuwait|Skyscrapers in Kuwait|Buildings and structures in Kuwait City|Office buildings completed in 2011|Skidmore, Owings & Merrill buildings|Skyscraper office buildings |
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