| 词条 | Saputangan |
| 释义 |
| name = Saputangan | image = Saputangan (1949; obverse; wiki).jpg | image_size = | border = | alt = Pamphlet | caption = Pamphlet | director = Fred Young | producer = | screenplay = Tan Tjoei Hock | narrator = | starring ={{plain list|
}} | music = | cinematography = | editing = | studio = Bintang Soerabaja | distributor = | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1949|||Dutch East Indies}} | runtime = | country = {{plain list|
}} | language = Indonesian | budget = | gross = }} Saputangan (Indonesian for Handkerchief) is a 1949 romance film from what is now Indonesia.{{efn|The film was released during the Indonesian National Revolution, in which time Indonesia had declared itself independent while the Dutch East Indies was still formally in existence.}} Directed by Fred Young and starring Chatir Harro, Noorsini, and Astaman, it follows a young doctor who, after his fiancée is blinded in an automobile accident, becomes an optometrist and restores her sight. PlotAs a sign of his love, the medical student Hardjono has given his fiancée Karnasih his handkerchief. After Hardjono finishes his final exams, his parents give him a new car, with which Hardjono takes Karnasih on holiday to Mega Mendung, near Bogor. However, during their excursion the car crashes into a log. Though Hardjono receives only minor injuries, Karnasih is blinded in the accident. In the weeks afterwards, Karnasih—hoping to conceal her loss of sight and thus preserve his love for her—refuses to meet with Hardjono. Undaunted, Hardjono continues to contact her. When they do meet, Karnasih pretends that she can still see, a ruse which fails after Hardjono attempts to give her a handkerchief which has fallen to the ground. Hardjono, hoping to become an optometrist and restore Karnasih's vision, decides to go abroad and receive further training. Karnasih, meanwhile, dedicates her time to educating poor children at her own school, the Taman Karnasih. Six years pass, and Hardjono—having received the training he sought—returns. He operates on Karnasih. Six weeks pass, and Karnasih's vision is restored, allowing her to see her beloved again.{{sfn|Bintang Soerabaja, Saputangan|loc=Reverse}} ProductionSaputangan was directed by Fred Young as the second film for his company Bintang Soerabaja, following Sehidup Semati (One in Life, One in Death).{{sfn|Biran|2009a|p=368}} Young initially wrote the story as a stage play for his theatrical troupe, also named Bintang Soerabaja.{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Saputangan}}{{sfn|De Vrie Pers, Indonesische film}} The story was adapted into a screenplay by Tan Tjoei Hock,{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Saputangan}} who had joined the company together with financier and film producer The Teng Chun.{{sfn|Biran|2009b|p=58}} Production began in September 1949 and was, at the time, estimated to require two months of filming.{{sfn|De Vrie Pers, Indonesische film}} Though the film was shot in black-and-white, the titular handkerchiefs in Saputangan were hand-tinted. The Indonesian film historian Misbach Yusa Biran writes that this hand tinting, done owing to references to the handkerchiefs' colour, was done poorly, such that the colour was jittery.{{sfn|Biran|2009a|p=368}} The film starred Chatir Harro, Noorsini, and Astaman. It also featured Netty Herawaty, Darussalam, Ribut Rawit, Mohammad Jusuf, Sukarsih, R.A. Sri Mulat, Pak Kasur, and Lilik Sudjio.{{sfn|Bintang Soerabaja, Saputangan|loc=Obverse}}{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Saputangan}}{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Lilik Sudjio}} Its soundtrack featured seven songs, including "Inilah Laguku" ("This is My Song"), "Asmara Kelana" ("Love of the Wanderer"), "Saputangan" ("Handkerchief"), "Pulau Bali" ("The Island of Bali"), and "Saputangan Tanda Kasih" ("Handkerchief, Sign of Love").{{sfn|Bintang Soerabaja, Saputangan|loc=Obverse and Reverse}}{{sfn|Biran|2009a|p=368}}{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Saputangan}} Release and receptionA novelisation of Saputangan was published by Gapura in 1949; the publishing house, owned by Andjar Asmara, had novelised all Indonesian films produced or in production since independence up to that point.{{sfn|Java Bode, Gapura}} The film was in theatres by February 1950, when it was screening in Jakarta.{{sfn|Java Bode, Waar Gaan We Heen?}} The film was exported to Singapore, where it was banned by the film censor Jack Evans in May 1950 for being "not up to standards";{{sfn|Behague|1950|p=17}} J. B. Kristanto, in his Katalog Film Indonesia (Indonesian Film Catalogue), suggests that the issue was Communism-inspired dialogue.{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Saputangan}} This ban was lifted on 1 June 1950,{{sfn|The Straits Times, Censor's Ban}} and Saputangan was soon screened to popular success at the Alhambra Theatre.{{Sfn|The Straits Times, 'Three Came Home'}} The reviewer for the Sunday Courier received Saputangan warmly, writing that the film was "unlike any other"{{efn|Original: "Laen daripada jang laen."}} and was the first Indonesian film to not feature any fighting.{{sfn|Biran|2009a|p=368}} Saputangan may now be lost. Movies in the Indies were recorded on highly flammable nitrate film, and after a fire destroyed much of Produksi Film Negara's warehouse in 1952, old films shot on nitrate were deliberately destroyed.{{sfn|Biran|2012|p=291}} The American visual anthropologist Karl G. Heider writes that all Indonesian films from before 1950 are lost.{{sfn|Heider|1991|p=14}} However, Kristanto records several as having survived at Sinematek Indonesia's archives, and Biran writes that several Japanese propaganda films have survived at the Netherlands Government Information Service.{{sfn|Biran|2009a|p=351}} Explanatory notes{{notelist}}ReferencesWorks cited{{refbegin|40em}}
|last=Behague |first=John |title=The Big Ban: Censor Says 'No' to Four Films |work=The Straits Times |location=Singapore |date=14 May 1950 |page=17 |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19500514-1.2.140.4.aspx |via=National Library of Singapore |ref=harv }}
| title = Bikin Film di Jawa |trans-title=History of Film 1900–1950: Making Films in Java | language = Indonesian | last = Biran | first = Misbach Yusa | location = Jakarta | publisher = Komunitas Bamboo working with the Jakarta Art Council | year = 2009a | isbn = 978-979-3731-58-2 | ref = harv
| title = Peran Pemuda dalam Kebangkitan Film Indonesia |trans-title=The Role of the Youth in the Development of Indonesia Cinema | language = Indonesian | last = Biran | first = Misbach Yusa | location = Jakarta | publisher = Ministry of Youth and Sports of Indonesia | year = 2009b | oclc=607257806 | ref = harv
|title=Indonesia dalam Arus Sejarah: Masa Pergerakan Kebangsaan |trans-title=Indonesia in the Flow of Time: The Nationalist Movement |language=Indonesian |last=Biran |first=Misbach Yusa |chapter=Film di Masa Kolonial |trans-chapter=Film in the Colonial Period |publisher=Ministry of Education and Culture |year=2012 |volume=V |location=Jakarta |pages=268–93 |isbn=978-979-9226-97-6 |ref=harv }}
|title=Indonesische film |trans-title=Indonesian Film |language=Dutch |work=De Vrie Pers |location=Surabaya |date=10 September 1949 |url=http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011210228:mpeg21:a0044 |via=Delpher.nl |ref={{sfnRef|De Vrie Pers, Indonesische film}} }}
|title=Censor's Ban Revoked: 'Saputangan' |work=The Straits Times |location=Singapore |date=2 June 1950 |page=1 |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19500602-1.2.22.aspx |via=National Library of Singapore |ref={{sfnRef|The Straits Times, Censor's Ban}} }}
|title = Lilik Sudjio |language = Indonesian |url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bad47b61c2_Lilik-Sudjio |work = Filmindonesia.or.id |publisher = Konfiden Foundation |location = Jakarta |accessdate = 3 April 2016 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6gTxjZdQQ?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bad47b61c2_lilik-sudjio |archivedate = 3 April 2016 |ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Lilik Sudjio}} |deadurl = yes |df = }}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m4DVrBo91lEC |title=Indonesian Cinema: National Culture on Screen |isbn=978-0-8248-1367-3 |author1=Heider |first1=Karl G |year=1991 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |location=Honolulu |ref=harv }}
| publisher = Bintang Soerabaja Film Corporation | type = brochure | year = 1949 | language = Indonesian | title = Saputangan | ref = {{sfnRef|Bintang Soerabaja, Saputangan}}
|title = Saputangan |language = Indonesian |url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/lf-s010-49-829182_saputangan |work = filmindonesia.or.id |publisher = Konfiden Foundation |location = Jakarta |accessdate = 23 August 2012 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6A7jSuISv?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/lf-s010-49-829182_saputangan |archivedate = 23 August 2012 |ref = {{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Saputangan}} |deadurl = yes |df = }}
|title='Three Came Home' Passed on Appeal |work=The Straits Times |location=Singapore |date=15 June 1950 |page=1 |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19500615-1.2.12.aspx |via=National Library of Singapore |ref={{sfnRef|The Straits Times, 'Three Came Home'}} }}
|title=Usaha Penerbitan Gapura |trans-title=The Publisher Gapura |language=Indonesian |work=Java Bode |location=Jakarta |date=1 October 1949 |url=http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010864849:mpeg21:a0046 |via=Delpher.nl |ref={{sfnRef|Java Bode, Gapura}} }}
|title=Waar Gaan We Heen? Djakarta |trans-title=Where are We Going? Jakarta |language=Dutch |work=Java Bode |location=Jakarta |date=24 February 1950 |url=http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010865701:mpeg21:a0099 |via=Delpher.nl |ref={{sfnRef|Java Bode, Waar Gaan We Heen?}} }}{{refend|40em}} 4 : Indonesian black-and-white films|Films of the Dutch East Indies|Indonesian films|Lost Indonesian films |
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