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词条 Sealioning
释义

  1. Origins

  2. See also

  3. References

  4. External links

{{short description|A form of harassment}}Sealioning (also spelled sea-lioning and sea lioning) is a type of trolling or harassment which consists of pursuing people with persistent requests for evidence or repeated questions, while maintaining a pretense of civility.[1][2][3] It may take the form of "incessant, bad-faith invitations to engage in debate."[4] The troll pretends ignorance and feigns politeness, so that if the target is provoked into making an angry response, the troll can then act as the aggrieved party.[5][6] Sealioning can be performed by a single troll or by multiple ones acting in concert.[7] The technique of sealioning has been compared to the Gish gallop and metaphorically described as a denial-of-service attack targeted at human beings.[7]

Origins

The term originated with a 2014 strip of the webcomic Wondermark[8], where a character expresses a dislike of sea lions and a sea lion intrudes to repeatedly ask the character to explain.[9] "Sea lion" was quickly verbed, the term gained popularity as a way to describe online trolling, and it was used to describe some of the behavior of supporters of the Gamergate controversy.[10][11]

See also

  • Argumentum ad nauseam

References

1. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jd4nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA145|title=Haters: Harassment, Abuse, and Violence Online|last=Poland|first=Bailey|date=November 2016|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|isbn=978-1-61234-766-0|pages=144–145}}
2. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.marieclaire.com/culture/news/a13403/online-harassment-terms-fight-back/|title=Anita Sarkeesian's Guide to Internetting While Female|last=Sarkeesian|first=Anita |author-link=Anita Sarkeesian|date=2015-02-20|work=Marie Claire|access-date=2018-01-11|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-US}}
3. ^{{Cite book|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191803093.001.0001/acref-9780191803093-e-1257|title=A Dictionary of Social Media|last=Chandler|first=Daniel| author-link1=Daniel Chandler |last2=Munday|first2=Rod|date=2016-03-03|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=|isbn=9780192518521|location=|pages=|language=en|oclc=952388585}}
4. ^{{cite web|last1=Sullivan |first1=E. |last2=Sondag |first2=M. |last3=Rutter |first3=I. |last4=Meulemans |first4=W. |last5=Cunningham |first5=S. |last6=Speckmann |first6=B. |last7=Alfano |first7=M. |title=Can Real Social Epistemic Networks Deliver the Wisdom of Crowds? |page=21 |format=pdf |via=The PhilPapers Foundation |url=https://philarchive.org/archive/SULCRS |access-date=28 January 2019}}
5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/07/05/sealioning-new-thing-worry-relationships-online-7680577/|title=Sealioning is the new thing to worry about in relationships and online|last=Lindsay|first=Jessica|date=2018-07-05|work=Metro.co.uk|access-date=2018-09-13|language=en-GB}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/aug/18/how-to-handle-a-troll-and-neuter-a-sea-lion-dealing-with-online-attacks-astroturfine-trolljacking|title=How to handle a troll … and neuter a sea lion|last=Stokel-Walker|first=Chris|date=2018-08-18|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-09-13}}
7. ^1 {{Cite web|series=Perspectives on Harmful Speech Online|editor-last=Gasser|editor-first=Urs|publisher=Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society|last=Johnson|first=Amy|title=The Multiple Harms of Sea Lions|page=14|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/sites/cyber.harvard.edu/files/2017-08_harmfulspeech.pdf|year=2017|ref=harv|accessdate=2018-09-16 }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://wondermark.com/1k62/|title=Wondermark #1062|date=2014-09-19|access-date=2019-03-03}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.macmillandictionary.com/buzzword/entries/sea-lion.html|title=Definition of Sea lion|last=Maxwell|first=Kerry|date=2015-10-06|website=Macmillan Dictionary|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-01-10}}
10. ^{{cite journal|last1=Jhaver |first1=Shagun |last2=Ghoshal |first2=Sucheta |last3=Bruckman |first3=Amy |last4=Gilbert |first4=Eric |author-link3=Amy S. Bruckman |title=Online Harassment and Content Moderation: The Case of Blocklists |journal=ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction |volume=25 |number=2 |pages=12 |doi=10.1145/3185593}}
11. ^{{cite encyclopedia|last=Massanari |first=Adrienne L. |title="Damseling for Dollars": Toxic Technocultures and Geek Masculinity |encyclopedia=Race and Gender in Electronic Media: Content, Context, Culture |publisher=Routledge |year=2016 |isbn=9781317266129 |oclc=948090024 |editor-last=Lind |editor-first=Rebecca Ann |quote=For supporters [of Gamergate], however, the hashtag became an effective way to swarm the mentions of users perceived as not sharing their views, which became known colloquially as "sea lioning" (Malki, 2014).}}

External links

  • The Terrible Sea Lion, the Wondermark comic strip that inspired the term
  • Wondermark Errata defending the cartoon against accusations of classism and speciesism.
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}{{Internet-stub}}

3 : Internet culture|Internet trolling|Words coined in the 2010s
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