请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Secretary to the Government of India
释义

  1. History

  2. Powers, responsibilities and postings

  3. Position

  4. Emolument, accommodation and perquisites

  5. List of current secretaries to the Government of India

  6. Reforms

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. Bibliography

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}{{Infobox official post
| post = Union Secretary
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = Flag of India
| insignia = Emblem_of_India.svg
| insigniasize = 75px
| insigniacaption = State Emblem of India
| reports_to = {{hlist |Parliament of India | Union Council of Ministers | Prime Minister of India}}
| residence =
| seat = {{hlist|Union Ministries of India, New Delhi}}
| appointer = Appointments Committee of the Cabinet
| appointer_qualified =
| termlength = {{raise|0.0em|No term length is imposed, except for Home Secretary and Defence Secretary.}}[1][2][3]
| succession = 23rd {{small|(on the Indian order of precedence.)}}
| inaugural =
| formation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1930}}
| salary = {{INRConvert|225000}} monthly[4][5]
| website = {{URL|https://www.india.gov.in/|Official Website}}
| department = Government of India
| native_name =
| member_of = Committee of Secretaries on Administration
| termlength_qualified = Term extendable
}}{{Politics of India}}Secretary to the Government of India, often abbreviated as secretary, GoI, or, simply as secretary, is a post and a rank under the Central Staffing Scheme of the Government of India.[4] The authority for the creation of this post solely rests with the Union Council of Ministers.[5]

The position holder is generally a career civil servant, mostly from the Indian Administrative Service,[6][7][8][9][10][11] and a government official of high seniority. The post of the secretary, however, is an ex-cadre post, hence, anyone can occupy it, but the office-bearers generally are either from All India Services (deputation; on tenure, after empanelment) or Central Civil Services (Group A; on empanelment). All promotions and appointments to this rank and post are directly made by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet.

In the structure of the Indian government,[12][13][14] a secretary is the administrative head of a ministry or department,[15][16] and is equivalent to chief secretaries of state governments and Vice Chief of the Army Staff, commanders, officers of the rank of full four-star general and their equivalents in the Indian Armed Forces,[17] and are listed as such on the Indian order of precedence, ranking twenty-third.[18][19][20][21]

History

In mid-1930s, the Central Secretariat contained only twenty-nine{{Nbsp}}secretaries,[24] who were all members of the Indian Civil Service. The salary for a member of this rank and post was fixed at Rs.{{Nbsp}}48,000{{Nbsp}}per{{Nbsp}}annum in the 1930s.[22] As per warrant or precedence of 1905,[23] secretaries to the Government of India was listed together with joint secretaries to the Government of India and were ranked above the rank of chief secretaries of provincial governments.[23]

N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar had once suggested "A secretary should not be immersed in files and burdened with routine. It is essential that he should have time to grasp the overall picture, size up the problems facing the government in the field allotted to his charge, and think and plan ahead. All these are his proper functions and must be efficiently performed. Failure to make adequate provision in this respect cannot be compensated by a mere increase in the establishment under his control."[24]

The Administrative Reforms Commission visualised the role of secretary, primarily as one of "coordinator, policy guide, reviewer, and evaluator."[24]

Powers, responsibilities and postings

A secretary to the Government of India is the administrative head of a ministry or department and is the principal adviser to the minister-in charge on all matters of policy and administration within the ministry or department.[16]

The role of a secretary is as follows:

  • To act as the administrative head of the ministry or department. The responsibility in this regard is complete and undivided.[15]
  • To act as the chief adviser to the minister on all aspects of policy and administrative affairs.[15]
  • To represent the ministry or department before the Public Accounts Committee of the Parliament of India.[15]

The prime minister-led Appointments Committee of the Cabinet is the final authority on posting and transfer of officers of secretary level.[25] Secretaries report to their ministerial cabinet minister and to the prime minister.

Position

In the Indian government, secretaries head departments or ministries of the government and hold positions such as Finance Secretary, Defence Secretary, Foreign Secretary, Home Secretary, Defence Production Secretary, emissaries in the foreign missions/embassies (ambassadors and high commissioners),[26] members of the Railway Board and members of the Telecom Commission.

According to the report of the Seventh{{Nbsp}}Central Pay Commission of India, seventy-three out of ninety-one{{Nbsp}}secretaries to the Government of India are from the Indian Administrative Service.[6]

Emolument, accommodation and perquisites

All secretaries to the Government of India are eligible for a diplomatic passport. Secretaries are allotted either type-VII or type-VIII bungalows in areas like New Moti Bagh and Lutyens' across Delhi by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs' Directorate of Estates.[27][28][29][30]

The salary and emolument in this rank is equivalent[17] to chief secretaries of state governments and to Vice Chief of the Army Staff, commanders and officers in the rank of full general, and its equivalents, in the Indian Armed Forces.[17]

Secretary to the Government of India monthly pay and allowances
Base salary as per the Seventh{{NbspPay Commission Pay matrix levelSources
225000}}{{Nbsp}}per{{Nbsp}}month Pay{{Nbsp}}level{{Nbsp}}17[6][31]

List of current secretaries to the Government of India

Out of the secretaries to the Government of India, most are IAS officers, twelve{{Nbsp}}are either from scientific or from legal background, four{{Nbsp}}are Indian Foreign Service (IFS) officers, two{{Nbsp}}are Indian Police Service (IPS) officers and one{{Nbsp}}officer belongs to the Indian Postal Service (IPoS) while two{{Nbsp}}secretary-level{{Nbsp}}positions are vacant.

Secretaries to the Government of India[32]
MinistryDesignationName of secretaryBackgroundBatch
President’s SecretariatSecretary to the PresidentSanjay KothariIAS officer1978{{Efn|Retired|name=Retired}}
Vice President’s SecretariatSecretary to the Vice PresidentI. V. Subba Rao1979{{Efn|Retired|name=Retired}}
Prime Minister’s OfficePrincipal Secretary to the Prime MinisterNripendra Misra1967{{Efn|Retired|name=Retired}}
Additional Principal Secretary to the Prime MinisterDr. Pramod Kumar Misra1972{{Efn|Retired|name=Retired}}
Secretary to the Prime MinisterBhaskar Khulbe1983
Cabinet SecretariatCabinet Secretary{{efn|name=fn3|Cabinet Secretary is not a secretary rank position but the highest level of empanelment in Government of India is at secretary rank.}}Pradeep Kumar Sinha1977
Secretary (Coordination)Dr. Inderjit Singh1985
Secretary (R)A.K. DhasmanaIPS officer1981
Secretary (Security)S. K. Sinha1983
Agriculture and Farmers WelfareSecretary (Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare)Shobhana K. PattanayakIAS officer1982
Secretary (Agricultural Research and Education)Dr. Trilochan MohapatraScientist—
Secretary (Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries)Tarun ShridharIAS officer1984
Atomic EnergySecretary (Atomic Energy) and chairperson of the Atomic Energy CommissionK. N. VyasScientist—
AYUSHSecretary (AYUSH)Rajesh Kotecha
Chemicals and FertilizersSecretary (Chemicals and Petrochemicals)P. Raghavendra RaoIAS officer1985
Secretary (Fertilizers)Bharati S. Sihag1983
Secretary (Pharmaceuticals)Jai Priye Prakash1982
Civil AviationSecretary (Civil Aviation)Pradeep Singh Kharola1985
CoalSecretary (Coal)Dr. Inder Jit Singh1985
Commerce and IndustrySecretary (Commerce)Anup Wadhawan
Secretary (Industrial Policy and Promotion)Ramesh Abhishek1982
CommunicationsSecretary (Posts)Anant Narayan NandaIPoS officer1982
Secretary to (Telecommunications) and chairperson of the Telecom CommissionAruna SundararajanIAS officer
Consumer Affairs, Food and Public DistributionSecretary (Consumer Affairs)Avinash K. Srivastava
Secretary (Food and Public Distribution)Ravi Kant1984
Corporate AffairsSecretary (Corporate Affairs)Injeti Srinivas1983
CultureSecretary (Culture)Arun Goel1985
DefenceDefence SecretarySanjay Mitra1982
Secretary (Defence Production)Dr. Ajay Kumar1985
Secretary (Defence Research and Development) and chairperson of the Defence Research and Development OrganisationDr. G. Sateesh ReddyScientist—
Secretary (Ex-Servicemen Welfare)Sanjeevanee KuttyIAS officer1983
Development of North Eastern RegionSecretary (Development of North Eastern Region)Navin Verma1982
Drinking Water and SanitationSecretary (Drinking Water and Sanitation)Parameswaran Iyer1981{{Efn|Voluntarily retired from service.|name=Voluntarily retired}}
Earth SciencesSecretary (Earth Sciences) and chairperson of the Earth Sciences CommissionDr. M. Nair RajeevanScientist—
Electronics and Information TechnologySecretary (Electronics and Information Technology)Ajay P. SawhneyIAS officer1984
Environment, Forest and Climate ChangeSecretary (Environment, Forest and Climate Change)C. K. Mishra1982
External AffairsForeign SecretaryVijay Keshav GokhaleIFS officer1981
Secretary (East)Vijai Thakur Singh1982
Secretary (Economic Relations)T. S. Tirumurti1985
Secretary (West)A Gitesh Sarma1982
FinanceFinance Secretary & Economic Affairs SecretarySubhash Chandra GargIAS officer1983
Revenue SecretaryAjay Bhushan Pandey1984
Secretary (Investment and Public Asset Management)Atanu Chakraborty1985
Expenditure SecretaryG. C. Murmu1985
Secretary (Financial Services)Rajiv Kumar1984
Food Processing IndustriesSecretary (Food Processing Industries)Jagdish Prasad Meena1983
Health and Family WelfareSecretary to (Health and Family Welfare)Preeti Sudan1983
Secretary (Health Research)Dr. Soumya SwaminathanScientist—
Heavy Industries and Public EnterprisesSecretary (Heavy Industry)Asha Ram SihagIAS officer1983
Secretary (Public Enterprise)Seema Bahuguna1983
Home AffairsHome SecretaryRajiv Gauba1982
Secretary (Official Language)Sailesh1985
Secretary to the Inter State Council SecretariatRuolkhumlien Buhril1984
Secretary (Border Management)Braj Raj Sharma1984
Housing and Urban AffairsSecretary (Housing and Urban Affairs)Durga Shanker MishraIAS officer1984
Human Resource DevelopmentSecretary (Higher Education)R Subrahmanyam1985
Secretary (School Education and Literacy)Rina Ray1984
Information and BroadcastingSecretary (Information and Broadcasting)Amit Khare1985
Labour and EmploymentSecretary (Labour and Employment)Heeralal Samariya1985
Law and JusticeSecretary (Justice)Alok Shrivastava 1984
Secretary (Legal Affairs)Suresh ChandraILS officer—
Secretary (Legislative)G. Narayana Raju
Micro, Small and Medium EnterprisesSecretary (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises)Arun K. PandaIAS officer1984
MinesSecretary (Mines)Anil Gopishankar Mukim1985
Minority AffairsSecretary (Minority Affairs)Ameising Luikham1981
New and Renewable EnergySecretary (New and Renewable Energy)Anand Kumar1984
Panchayati RajSecretary (Panchayati Raj)Amarjeet Sinha1983
Parliamentary AffairsSecretary (Parliamentary Affairs)Surendra Nath Tripathi1985
Personnel, Public Grievances and PensionsSecretary (Personnel and Training)C. Chandramouli1984
Secretary (Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances)K.V. Eapen 1984
Secretary (Pension and Pensioners’ Welfare)1984
Petroleum and Natural GasSecretary (Petroleum and Natural Gas)Kapil Dev Tripathi1980
PowerSecretary (Power)Ajay K. Bhalla1984
Road Transport and HighwaysSecretary (Road Transport and Highways)Yudhvir Singh Malik1983
Rural DevelopmentSecretary (Land Resources)Anant Kumar Singh1984
Secretary (Rural Development)Amarjeet Sinha1983
Science and TechnologySecretary (Biotechnology)Dr. Renu SwarupScientist—
Secretary (Science and Technology)Dr. Ashutosh Sharma
Secretary (Scientific and Industrial Research)Dr. Girish Sahni
ShippingSecretary (Shipping)Gopal KrishnaIAS officer1983
Skill Development and EntrepreneurshipSecretary (Skill Development and Entrepreneurship)K.P. Krishnan
Social Justice and EmpowermentSecretary (Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities)Shakuntala Gamlin1984
Secretary (Social Justice and Empowerment)Nilam Sawhney
SpaceSecretary (Space) and chairperson of the Indian Space Research OrganisationDr. K. SivanScientist—
Statistics and Programme ImplementationSecretary (Statistics and Programme Implementation)K. V. EapenIAS officer1984
SteelSecretary (Steel)Raghvendra Singh1982
TextilesSecretary (Textiles)Anant K. Singh1983
TourismSecretary (Tourism)Rashmi Verma1982
Tribal AffairsSecretary (Tribal Affairs)Deepak Khandekar1985
Water Resources, River Development and Ganga RejuvenationSecretary (Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation)Upendra P. Singh 
Women and Child DevelopmentSecretary (Women and Child Development)Rakesh Srivastava1981
Youth Affairs and SportsSecretary (Sports)Rahul Bhatnagar1983
Secretary (Youth Affairs)Amarendra Kumar Dubey1982
Notes
{{Notelist|1}}

Additionally, the chairman of Railway Board is ex-officio Principal Secretary to the Government of India,[33][34] while the members of the Railway Board are ex-officio secretaries to the Government of India.[33][34] In addition, the members of the Telecom Commission are ex-officio secretaries to the Government of India.[35]

Reforms

Media articles and others have argued in favour of lateral entrants being recruited to this rank/post to infuse fresh energy and thinking into an insular, complacent and archaic bureaucracy.[36][37][38][39]

Non-IAS civil services have complained to the Government of India because of lack of empanelment in the rank/post of secretary on numerous occasions.[6][7][8][9][10][11]

See also

  • Federal Secretary

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/02/09/stories/2005020906041100.htm|title=Fixed tenure planned for Home, Defence Secretaries|last=Khare|first=Harish|date=February 8, 2005|website=The Hindu|access-date=January 10, 2018}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/22fixed.htm|title=Fixed tenure for defence, home secretaries|last=|first=|date=September 22, 2005|website=Rediff.com|access-date=January 10, 2017}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/fixed-tenure-for-defence-home-secretaries/324513|title=Fixed tenure for Defence, Home Secretaries|last=|first=|date=September 22, 2005|website=Outlook|access-date=}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02eod/36_77_94_EO(SM-I).pdf|title=The Central Staffing Scheme|date=January 1996|website=|publisher=Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|accessdate=13 April 2016}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Only Cabinet can create Joint Secretary, above level posts|url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/8615222_Only-Cabinet-can-create-Joint-Secretary--above-level-posts.html|publisher=Press Trust of India|accessdate=18 April 2017}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf|title=Report of the 7th Central Pay Commission of India|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Seventh Central Pay Commission, Government of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120092637/http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf|archive-date=20 November 2015|dead-url=yes|accessdate=August 13, 2017|df=dmy-all}}
7. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.governancenow.com/news/regular-story/ias-emperor-the-kings|title=IAS: Emperor among the kings?|last=Tripathi|first=Shishir|date=December 8, 2015|work=Governance Now|access-date=August 13, 2017|language=en}}
8. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/parity-between-ias-and-non-ias-the-ias-will-get-to-decide/story-9RijZjXY4DeaPlvo8m25mJ.html|title=Parity between IAS and non-IAS? The IAS will get to decide|last=Tikku|first=Aloke|date=January 15, 2016|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=August 13, 2017|language=en}}
9. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.asianage.com/india/non-ias-bureaucrats-now-eligible-secretary-level-posts-288|title=Non-IAS bureaucrats now eligible for secretary-level posts|last=|first=|date=January 18, 2016|work=The Asian Age|access-date=August 13, 2017|language=en}}
10. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/need-pay-parity-with-ias-officers-say-officials-of-20-civil-services-1426279|title=Need Pay Parity With IAS Officers, Say Officials Of 20 Civil Services|last=|first=|date=June 30, 2016|work=NDTV|access-date=August 13, 2017|language=en}}
11. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/alleging-bias-non-ias-officers-petition-pm-modi-4473316/|title=Alleging bias, non-IAS officers petition PM Modi|last=Dastidar|first=Avishek G|date=January 14, 2017|work=The Indian Express|access-date=August 13, 2017|language=en-US}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(4).pdf|title=Part I of the Constitution of India- The Union and its territory - Article 1|last=|first=|date=|website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010141832/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(4).pdf|archive-date=10 October 2017|dead-url=yes|access-date=January 15, 2018|df=dmy-all}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(17).pdf|title=Part XIV of the Constitution of India- Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits - Article 300|last=|first=|date=|website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203131439/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi%2Denglish/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss%2817%29.pdf|archive-date=2011-12-03|dead-url=yes|access-date=October 6, 2017}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(19).pdf|title=Part XIV of the Constitution of India- Services under the Union and the States - Article 312(2)|last=|first=|date=|website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India|publisher=|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203131448/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(19).pdf|archive-date=2011-12-03|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 August 2017}}
15. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title=Governance in India (2nd Edition)|last=Laxmikanth|first=M.|publisher=McGraw Hill Education|year=2014|isbn=978-9339204785|location=Noida|pages=3.1–3.10}}
16. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://darpg.gov.in/sites/default/files/CSMOP_0_0.pdf|title=Central Secretariat Manual of Office Procedure - 14th Edition (2015)|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension|page=6|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
17. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.mod.nic.in/sites/default/files/ArmyPayRules.pdf|title=Army Pay Rules, 2017|last=|first=|date=May 3, 2017|work=Ministry of Defence, Government of India|accessdate=September 24, 2017}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/guidline_govt_mp/chap11.pdf|title=Order of Precedence|last=|first=|date=July 26, 1979|work=Rajya Sabha|publisher=President's Secretariat|accessdate=September 24, 2017}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/table_of_precedence.pdf|title=Table of Precedence|last=|first=|date=July 26, 1979|website=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|publisher=President's Secretariat|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527155701/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/table_of_precedence.pdf|archive-date=2014-05-27|dead-url=yes|access-date=September 24, 2017}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/hindi/top|title=Table of Precedence|last=|first=|date=|website=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|publisher=President's Secretariat|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428030937/http://mha.nic.in/hindi/top|archive-date=2014-04-28|dead-url=yes|access-date=September 24, 2017}}
21. ^{{cite book|title=Indian Administration (6th Edition)|last=Maheshwari|first=S.R.|publisher=Orient Blackswan Private Ltd.|year=2000|isbn=9788125019886|location=New Delhi}}
22. ^1 {{cite book|title=Britain's Imperial Administrators, 1858-1966|last=Kirk-Greene|first=A.|publisher=Springer|year=2000|isbn=9780230286320|location=New York City|pages=}}
23. ^1 As per published records and book named "The India List and India Office List 1905" as published by India Office and India Office Records.
24. ^1 {{cite book|title=Indian Administration (1st edition)|last=Singh|first=Hoshiar|last2=Singh|first2=Pankaj|publisher=Pearson Education India|year=2011|isbn=978-8131761199|location=Delhi|pages=104–126}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/PM-to-oversee-cadre-allocation-of-bureaucrats-postings-of-joint-secretaries-and-above/articleshow/40451799.cms|title=PM to oversee cadre allocation of bureaucrats, postings of joint secretaries and above|last=|first=|date=August 21, 2014|work=The Times of India|accessdate=September 17, 2017}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2014/mar/02/MEA-Moves-its-Men-Post-Haste-581444.html|title=MEA Moves its Men, Post-Haste|last=|first=|date=March 2, 2017|work=The New Indian Express|accessdate=September 17, 2017}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://estates.nic.in/WriteReadData/dlrtiact/compendium.pdf|title=Compendium (RTI Act) – Government Residence (General Pool in Delhi) Rules|date=January 2013|website=|publisher=Directorate of Estates, Ministry of Urban Development|accessdate=21 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113222729/http://estates.nic.in/WriteReadData/dlrtiact/compendium.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
28. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/new-homes-for-govt-staff-changing-new-delhi/820172/0|title=New homes for govt staff changing New Delhi|last=Gupta|first=Geeta|date=July 21, 2011|work=Indian Express|access-date=October 6, 2017}}
29. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2145528/Babu-luxury-Bureaucrats-politicians-new-address-south-Delhis-East-Moti-Bagh.html|title=Babu luxury: Bureaucrats and politicians get new address in south Delhi's East Moti Bagh|last=Pandey|first=Maneesh|date=May 17, 2012|website=Daily Mail|access-date=October 6, 2017}}
30. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/home-secretary-gives-the-miss-to-fortified-bungalow/article7656529.ece|title=Home Secretary gives the miss to fortified bungalow|last=Singh|first=Vijaita|date=September 16, 2015|website=The Hindu|access-date=October 6, 2017}}
31. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/7th-pay-commission-cleared-what-is-pay-commission-how-does-it-effect-our-pockets/1/703452.html|title=7th Pay Commission cleared: What is the Pay Commission? How does it affect salaries?|date=June 29, 2016|editor-last=Biswas|editor-first=Shreya|website=India Today|access-date=September 24, 2017}}
32. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ccis.nic.in/CP_Circular_Report.asp?MinCode=2&dDepCode=2&DivCode=0&SecCode=(0)&CNCode=1&MctCode=11&SctCode=194&ArchCode=2|title=Secretaries to the Government of India|last=|first=|date=September 1, 2017|website=Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303225306/http://ccis.nic.in/CP_Circular_Report.asp?MinCode=2&dDepCode=2&DivCode=0&SecCode=(0)&CNCode=1&MctCode=11&SctCode=194&ArchCode=2|archive-date=2018-03-03|dead-url=yes|access-date=September 12, 2017}}
33. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Readings In Indian Railway Finance|last=Verma|first=K.B.|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=1987|isbn=978-8171881215|location=New Delhi|pages=97}}
34. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/codesmanual/ADMIN_FINANCE/AdminFinanceCh2_Data.htm|title=CHAPTER II - STRUCTURE AND OBJECTIVES OF RAILWAY MANAGEMENT|last=|first=|date=|website=Ministry of Railways, Government of India|access-date=September 30, 2017}}
35. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dot.gov.in/profile|title=Profile - Telecom Commission|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Telecommunications, Government of India|access-date=January 13, 2018}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/lateral-entry-blind-alley/|title=Lateral entry, blind alley|last=Natarajan|first=Gulzar|date=April 13, 2015|work=The Indian Express|publisher=|language=en|accessdate=August 13, 2017}}
37. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/should-the-government-allow-lateral-entry-into-the-civil-services/story-Q75UKek5TPGwCrMreb9G0I.html|title=Should the government allow lateral entry into the civil services?|last=Chandra|first=Shailaja|date=July 15, 2017|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=August 13, 2017|language=en}}
38. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/w9IUEN2qOv4OZxT8ofx4SK/The-need-for-lateral-entry-in-civil-services.html|title=The need for lateral entry in civil services|last=|first=|date=July 19, 2017|website=Live Mint|publisher=HT Media|access-date=August 13, 2017}}
39. ^{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-case-for-lateral-entry-indian-administrative-service-ias-upsc-government-4788115/|title=The case for lateral entry|last=Natarajan|first=Gulzar|date=August 9, 2017|work=The Indian Express|access-date=August 13, 2017|last2=Subbarao|first2=Duvvuri|language=en-US}}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin|}}
  • {{cite book|title=Governance in India (2nd Edition)|last=Laxmikanth|first=M.|publisher=McGraw Hill Education|year=2014|isbn=978-9339204785|location=Noida|pages=}}
  • {{cite book|title=Indian Administration (6th Edition)|last=Maheshwari|first=S.R.|publisher=Orient Blackswan Private Ltd.|year=2000|isbn=9788125019886|location=New Delhi|pages=}}
  • {{cite book|title=Britain's Imperial Administrators, 1858-1966|last=Kirk-Greene|first=A.|publisher=Springer|year=2000|isbn=9780230286320|location=New York City|pages=}}
  • {{cite book|title=Indian Administration (1st edition)|last=Singh|first=Hoshiar|last2=Singh|first2=Pankaj|publisher=Pearson Education India|year=2011|isbn=978-8131761199|location=Delhi|pages=}}
  • {{Cite book|title=Readings In Indian Railway Finance|last=Verma|first=K.B.|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=1987|isbn=978-8171881215|location=New Delhi|pages=}}
{{refend}}{{Government of India}}{{Union ministries of India}}

4 : Civil Services of India|Indian government officials|Indian Administrative Service officers|Indian Foreign Service officers
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/17 10:22:49