| 词条 | Shia in Bahrain |
| 释义 |
PopulationAlthough in Bahrain more than half of population are Shia Muslim (estimated at about 70 percent), the Sunni royal family, Al Khalifa, governs the country.[2][3] HistoryThe people of Bahrain celebrated the victory of Iranian Revolution and formed gatherings to support it. In 1979, They wanted to participate in determining their own destiny by performing many protests against the Al Khalifa government. [4]Al Wefaq, as part of the Shia society in Bahrain, follows two goals: opposition to the current government in Bahrain and change the structure of society to based on rule of the people. Established in 2001, it was founded by more than 100 Shia scholars such as Ali Salman, Saeid Shahabi, Abdul Amir al-Jamri and Sheikh Isa Ahmed Qassim, leader of Al Wefaq.[4]February 14 Youth Coalition{{main|February 14 Youth Coalition}}According to behavior of Al-Khalifa's government Shia activists prompted on February 14, 2011. They named that day as the Day of Rage and asked the people to protest against al-Khalifa's behavior at that day. The Al-Khalifa came into contact with the protesters and from that day widespread wave of Al-Khalifa's actions against Shiites has been performed, including the detention of women and men and children and their torture, the destruction of Shia mosques and cemeteries.[5] SocietyThere are various sects in Bahrain, such as Baharna, Arab, Howala, Ajam, Asians. On the other hand, dominant political and official system in Bahrain are governed by Sunni people.[2] According to the reports of The Guardian, when Āl Khalīfah family have begun to govern Bahrain, Shiites who have pieces of land, were changed to peasants. Now, High-ranking official positions belong to Sunnis and only few positions are ruled by Shiites. It is necessary to mention that in Bahrain the word of Sunni Muslim is not equal to reach people and shia means poor Bahrain people, but in the whole shia places in unsuitable economic situations.[2] Shia scholarsBahrain has an ancient and historic background which arise from the presence of Shiite scholars.[6] Some of them are listed as following: Maitham Al Bahrani, Kamal al-Deen Maitham bin Ali bin Maitham al-Bahrani, commonly known as Sheikh Maitham Al Bahrani was a leading 13th Century Twelver Eastern Arabian theologian, author and philosopher. Al Bahrani wrote on Twelver doctrine, affirmed free will, the infallibility of prophets and imams, the appointed imamate of `Ali, and the occultation of the Twelfth Imam.[7]Yusuf al-Bahrani Yusuf ibn Ahmed al-Bahrani (1695–1772) (Arabic: يوسف البحراني) was a Bahraini theologian and a dominant person in the intellectual development of Twelver Shia Islam.[8]Isa Qassim Ayatollah Sheikh Isa Ahmed Qassim (Arabic: آية الله الشيخ عيسى أحمد قاسم) is Bahrain's leading Shia cleric and a politician. He is the spiritual leader of Al Wefaq, Bahrain's biggest opposition society. He was the leader and the founders of Islamic Enlightenment institution.[9]See also
References1. ^{{cite web|last1=Pollock|first1=David|title=Sunnis and Shia in Bahrain: New Survey Shows Both Conflict and Consensus|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/fikraforum/view/sunnis-and-shia-in-bahrain-new-survey-shows-both-conflict-and-consensus|website=washingtoninstitute|accessdate=20 November 2017}} {{Demographics of Bahrain}}{{Asia topic|Shia Islam in}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=Lulu|first1=Tahiyya|title=The real story of Bahrain's divided society|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/mar/03/bahrain-sunnis-shia-divided-society|website=theguardian}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Johnson|first1=Thomas A.|title=Power, National Security, and Transformational Global Events: Challenges|date=2012|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1439884225|page=194|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tu5m8_0iUSoC&pg=PA194&dq=shia+population+in+Bahrain&hl=fa&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiCjozA3-PXAhXC3KQKHRA9B4kQ6AEIKzAB#v=onepage&q=shia%20population%20in%20Bahrain&f=false}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Staff|first1=Writer|title=The formation of several movements in Bahrain|url=http://www.farsnews.com/printable.php?nn=13910231000950|website=farsnews}} 5. ^{{cite news | author=Toby C. Jones and Ala'a Shehabi | title = Bahrain's revolutionaries | date=January 2, 2012 | publisher=Foreign Policy | url = http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/01/02/bahrains_revolutionaries | accessdate=January 3, 2012}} 6. ^{{cite web|last1=Bandarchi|first1=Mohammadreza|title=shia in Bahrain|url=http://pajoohe.ir/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88-%D8%AA%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B9-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86__a-46748.aspx|website=pajoohe}} 7. ^Juan Cole, Sacred Space and Holy War, IB Tauris, 2007 p33 8. ^{{cite web|last1=Staff|first1=Writer|title=The Autobiography of Yūsuf al-Baḥrānī|url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft2c6004x0&chunk.id=d0e7560&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e7560&brand=ucpress&query=Bahrain#|website=University of California Press}} 9. ^{{cite web|last1=Staff|first1=Writer|title=Bahrain strips Sheikh Isa Qassim of nationality|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/06/bahrain-strips-religious-leader-nationality-160620122338238.html|accessdate=21 Jun 2016}} 2 : Islam in Bahrain|Shia Islam by country |
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