| 词条 | Shrouk El-Attar |
| 释义 |
| name = Shrouk El-Attar | birth_place = Alexandria | nationality = | citizenship = Egypt | education = Cardiff University | occupation = Engineer, Belly Dancer, LGBT rights activist }}Shrouk El-Attar is an electronics design engineer, who was born in Egypt. El-Attar, who has been living in the United Kingdom as a refugee since 2007, is an activist for refugee rights in the UK, and for LGBT rights in her native Egypt.[1] El-Attar performs as a belly dancer in an act called "Dancing Queer", to raise funds for legal defense feels for LGBT people in Egypt, and to help with relocation for those persecuted and at risk because of their gender or sexuality.[2] El-Attar was one of the women chosen by the BBC in 2018 as one of the 100 Most Influential Women in the World.[3] Childhood and Refugee StatusShrouk El-Attar grew up in Alexandria, Egypt. She realized her preference for girls at a young age, but was put off by people in her immediate surroundings, such as teachers, who told her that homosexuality was a "terrible sin".[4] El-Attar arrived in the UK in 2007, at the age of 15, together with her mother and siblings. However, their asylum claim was rejected, and they were deported. El-Attar was eventually granted asylum because of her LGBT status.[4] She describes the process she went through as difficult and even humiliating: "I had to produce evidence about sexual intercourse. Not the nicest thing, having to call up your exes and ask them to write about the time they had sex with you. And, you know, it's really graphic detail. I think that a lot of LGBT+ refugees have had similar experiences, of feeling really humiliated, and dehumanized."[6] El-Attar states that she was lucky because she had already been living in the UK for a while before going through the process, but that other refugees who might be escaping death or incarceration, would not necessarily have the same access to correspondence and communication in order to fulfill this type of requirement.[4] El-Attar has expressed her conviction that she would not be alive were she to try and live her life openly in Egypt, as she does in the UK, referring to forced marriage and other types of violence perpetrated upon LGBT people in her homeland.[1] ActivismIn 2018, El-Attar joined other refugee rights campaigners to address the British parliament, and tell about their experiences.[6] One of El-Attar's primary issues on behalf of refugees is access to education. In Egypt, during her early teens, El-Attar was two years ahead of her classmates and was set to start university at 16. But her arrival in Britain changed all that. Although as of 2018 El-Attar was studying for her Master's degree in engineering at Cardiff University, she herself was denied the chance to study at university during the years she was applying for asylum, according to nationwide university policy, which treated asylum seekers as international students, subject to vastly higher fees, while at the same time forbidding them to work.[6] This effectively barred her and other of the most vulnerable prospective students. Moreover, this was in spite of the fact that she was accepted into every university she applied to.[6] While she was waiting for her opportunity to achieve her higher education, El-Attar joined the activist group Student Action for Refugees, and campaigned for refugees to be treated as British students within the educational system.[12] There are now more than 60 universities in the UK accepting refugees as students.[5] In March 2018, Shrouk was awarded Young Woman of the Year 2018 by the United Nations refugee agency UNHCR, for her work on behalf of refugee rights in the UK.[6] Dancing QueerEl-Attar describes the freedom she found to be queer as a liberating and life-changing experience. But not one that was all good - two years after arriving in the UK, at 17, her family found out about her queer identity, and their relationships fell apart. Though forced to leave home at a young age and to go through a separate and invasive asylum process, El-Attar recognized her own privilege as compared to her "LGBTQ+ siblings" back in Egypt, and was determined to continue and fight for their rights as well.[6] She began dancing at charity and political events as the belly dancing "Dancing Queer", a beard-wearing drag persona who embodies her political statements about body hair, beauty standards, gender expression, sexuality and more. She raises money for legal fees and relocation expenses for persecuted Egyptian queers, and works to raise awareness to their plight.[4] Her most recent of three speeches to parliament, as well as the UNHCR and her inclusion in the BBC 100 list, came on the heels of a major crackdown on LGBT people in Egypt. Though homosexuality is not technically illegal in Egypt, the social and governmental approaches to homosexuality are extremely negative. Towards the end of 2017, during the Mashrou' Leila rainbow concert, members of the audience were arrested for unfurling a rainbow flag in support of LGBT rights. One man has been sentenced to six years in jail for 'practicing debauchery' on his way home from the concert.[7] After this incident, Egypt’s Supreme Council for Media Regulation decided to ban 'all forms of promotion or sympathy towards the LGBT community on media outlets, on account of it being a 'shameful disease'. Unless an LGBTQ+ individual is going live to 'show repentance and remorse over their sexuality,' they're not to be portrayed in a positive light.[4] In addition, Egypt has been considering a new law to ban homosexuality, which is likely to escalate the situation for LGBTQ Egyptians.[8] El-Attar has taken her performance all over the UK, as well as internationally, to places such as France, the Netherlands and Japan.[9] CareerEl-Attar completed her bachelor and master degrees in engineering at Cardiff University.[9] El-Attar is a system design engineer in Cardiff. Previously, she has worked as an assistant lecturer of engineering, an interpreter, a museum guide, and as a theater and radio actor, in such productions as Stori, A telling , at the Welsh Millennium Centre, Nothing is Out of Place on Radio Cardiff, and Praxis Makes Perfect (Interactive Theatre) at the National Theatre of Wales. Awards and Recognition
References1. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-refugee-lgbt/belly-dancer-dons-beard-to-protest-lgbt-abuse-in-egypt-idUSKCN1GQ0JC|title=belly-dancer-dons-beard-to-protest-lgbt-abuse-in-egypt|date=14 March 2018}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/society/2018/3/14/un-woman-of-the-year-egyptian-queer-bellydancing-activist|title=Meet the UN's 'Woman of the Year': An Egyptian, queer, bellydancing activist|date=14 March 2018}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/women/bbc-100-women-2018-list-who-jameela-jamil-chidera-eggerue-who-a8640851.html|title=BBC 100 WOMEN 2018: THE TRAILBLAZING WOMEN WE SHOULD ALL GET TO KNOW|date=|publisher=|language=anglès|access-date=8 February 2019}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |last1=Daly |first1=Moustafa |title=MEET THE EGYPTIAN DANCING QUEER CHALLENGING HOMOPHOBIA, REFUGEES' MISTREATMENT, AND BEAUTY STANDARDS |url=http://www.cairoscene.com/In-Depth/Dancing-Queer-Shrouk-El-Attar |website=Cairo Scene |accessdate=9 February 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701121117/cairoscene.com/In-Depth/Dancing-Queer-Shrouk-El-Attar | archive-date = July 1, 2018 |date=June 28, 2018}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Weber-Ballard |first1=Eleanor |title=WOMEN ON THE MOVE AWARDS 2018: CELEBRATING REMARKABLE REFUGEE AND ASYLUM-SEEKING WOMEN |url=https://www.migrantsorganise.org/?p=27086 |website=Migrants Organise |accessdate=9 February 2019 |date=13 March 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web |last1=Weber-Ballard |first1=Eleanor |title=WOMEN ON THE MOVE AWARDS 2018: CELEBRATING REMARKABLE REFUGEE AND ASYLUM-SEEKING WOMEN |url=https://www.migrantsorganise.org/?p=27086 |website=Migrants Organise |accessdate=9 February 2019 |date=13 March 2018}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/world/egypt-gay-entrapment-via-app-a-sign-of-authorities-desperation-20171023-gz6v4v.html|title=Egypt gay entrapment via app a sign of authorities' desperation|last=Farid|first=Farid|date=2017-10-29|work=The Age|access-date=2017-10-29|language=en-US}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news |title=The belly dancer donning a beard to protest LGBT abuse in Egypt |url=http://news.trust.org/item/20180314084946-wg53k/ |accessdate=8 February 2019 |agency=Thompson Reuters Foundation News |date=14 March 2018}} 9. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |last1=Gibson |first1=Tim |title=Lesbian refugee protests Egypt’s treatment of LGBT+ with belly dancing and a beard |url=https://www.mygwork.com/en/my-g-news/lesbian-refugee-protests-egypt-s-treatment-of-lgbt-with-belly-dancing-and-a-beard |website=myGwork |accessdate=9 February 2019}} External Links
8 : LGBT rights activists from Egypt|Egyptian expatriates in the United Kingdom|Egyptian refugees|Pages with unreviewed translations|Human rights activists|Year of birth missing (living people)|Living people|BBC 100 Women |
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