| 词条 | Shulamith Muller |
| 释义 |
Shulamith Muller (née Movshowitz, December 1922 - July 1978) was a South African lawyer, communist, and anti-apartheid activist.[1] Muller was one of the attorneys for the 1956 Treason Trial. BiographyMuller was born in Pretoria in December 1922.[1] Muller attended the University of Pretoria where she studied law and became an attorney in 1948.[1] In her practice, she worked with Oliver Tambo, Nelson Mandela, Arthur Chaskalson and George Bizos.[1] Muller allowed the South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU) to work secretly from her offices.[2] Muller worked as Viola Hashe's counsel in 1956 and prevented her from being deported.[3] Muller also did appeals for Sophia Williams-De Bruyn.[4] Muller was also involved with the 1956 Treason Trial as one of the instructing attorneys, taking the case on when she was seven months pregnant.[1] Muller was arrested during the post-Sharpeville Emergency and was jailed first at the Johannesburg Fort and later taken to the Pretoria Central Prison.[1] In prison, she helped others with legal assistance.[1] She was subject to bannings and harassment by the Special Branch so that she could no longer practice law effectively.[1] In 1962, she and her family fled to Swaziland.[1] In August 1962, after she went to Swaziland, a gag order was imposed on her and 101 other South African activists, preventing the publishing of their spoken words and writings.[5] South Africa struck her from the Roll of Attorneys in August 1971.[1] She died in Swaziland in July 1978.[1] After being struck from the list of attorneys in South Africa for more than 30 years, Muller was finally posthumously reinstated by the Johannesburg High Court in 2005.[6] Her son, Arnold, had petitioned for the reinstatement.[6] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{Cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/shulamith-muller|title=Shulamith Muller|last=|first=|date=12 September 2011|website=South African History Online|publisher=|access-date=12 September 2016}} 2. ^{{Cite book|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/Alex_Hepple_South_African_Socialist_by_Bob_Hepple_WEB.pdf|title=Alex Hepple: South African Socialist|last=Hepple|first=Bob|publisher=South African History Online|year=2011|isbn=9780620509657|location=|pages=71|via=}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/SACTU/09_women-play-role.htm#mabel|title=Organize... or Starve! - The History of the SACTU|last=Luckhardt|first=|last2=Wall|date=|website=South African Congress of Trade Unions|publisher=South African History Online|access-date=7 September 2016}} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-149253549.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008194328/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-149253549.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=8 October 2016|title=Memories of the Long March to Freedom|last=Ndaba|first=Baldwin|date=9 August 2006|work=The Star|subscription=yes|access-date=13 September 2016|via=HighBeam Research}} 5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6617832//|title=New Gag Imposed in S. Africa|last=Kasischke|first=Richard|date=5 August 1962|work=The Eugene Guard|access-date=13 September 2016|via=Newspapers.com}} 6. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-116530384.html|title=Your World|last=|first=|date=15 December 2005|work=The Jerusalem Post|subscription=yes|access-date=13 September 2016|via=HighBeam Research}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} External links
7 : 1922 births|1978 deaths|People from Pretoria|University of Pretoria alumni|Anti-apartheid activists|South African women lawyers|20th-century South African lawyers |
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