| 词条 | Sierra de Perijá National Park |
| 释义 |
| name = Sierra de Perijá National Park Perijá National Park | iucn_category = II | photo = Serrania_del_Perija_-_Cerro_Pintao.jpg | photo_caption = Perijá National Park | location = Venezuela | nearest_city = Maracaibo | map = Venezuela |relief = 1 | map_caption = Location in Venezuela | coordinates = {{coord|9|32|0|N|73|0|0|W|region:VE_scale:1000000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | area = {{Convert|295,288|ha}} | established = 1978 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = Instituto Nacional de Parques(INPARQUES) ’’National Park Institute’’ }} Sierra de Perijá National Park, also known as Perijá National Park, is a protected area in Venezuela. It is located in the Serranía de Perijá mountains on the border with Colombia,[1] to the southwest of Zulia state and Lake Maracaibo. The park was established in 1978 with the objective of protecting the hilly regions.{{Sfn|Hoyt|2012|p=240}} GeographySierra de Perijá National Park is situated in the Perija and Colon municipalities of Zulia State. The park is accessible by road from Maracaibo.[1] The park includes a portion of the Serranía de Perijá mountains,{{Sfn|Dallmeier|Cringan|1989|p=300}} which rises above the southwestern area of Lake Maracaibo, a large brackish bay connected to the Gulf of Venezuela. The highest elevation is Pico Tétar at {{convert|3500|m}}.[1] It covers an area of {{convert|295288|ha}}.[2] Flora and faunaThe vegetation in the park consists mainly of rainforest, cloud forests, highland moors and sub-alpine and alpine tundra.[1] Some typical trees include Anacardium excelsum, wax palms Ceroxylon, Cecropia, Gyranthera caribensis, Tabebuia chrysantha, T. billbergii, T. chrysea and Podocarpus oleifolius and there are many herbs, flowering plants and bromeliads.[3][4] The wildlife in the park includes spectacled bear, as well as capuchin and howler monkeys.[1] Dolphins in Lake Maracaibo are proposed to be brought under a protection programme through the South American River Dolphin Protected Area Network.{{Sfn|Hoyt|2012|p=240}} Birds include parrot species such as the endangered military macaw (Ara militaris) and the great green macaw (Ara ambiguus).[5] Another endangered bird species found in the park is the Perija Metaltail hummingbird (Metallura iracunda).[6] It is also the habitat for another hummingbird, Coeligena consita, an endemic species of the Sierra de Perijá found on its southern slopes.[7] A newly discovered species of tapaculo found in the park is the Perijá tapaculo (Scytalopus perijanus) which was first described in 2015.[8] ThreatsUncontrolled fires and deforestation are major threats to the natural ecosystems in the park.[9] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url=http://www.think-venezuela.net/english/w_nationalparks.htm|title= Perijá|accessdate=1 September 2015|publisher= think-venezuela.net}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalparks-worldwide.info/venezuela.htm|title=National Parks of Venezuela|accessdate=1 September 2015|publisher=World Institute for Conservation & Environment}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=IUCN Directory of Neotropical Protected Areas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qjhlcSkdKjUC&pg=PA381|year=1982|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-0-907567-62-2|pages=381–}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Soto Villalobos|first1=José Alberto|last2=Ferrer-Paris|first2=José R.|last3=Sanchez-Mercado|first3=Ada|last4=Grande|first4=Jose Ramón|last5=Cardozo-Urdaneta|first5=Arlene|last6=Vargas|first6=Thayma|title=Sinopsis del género Tabebuia s.l. (Angiospermae: Bignoniaceae) en el estado Zulia, Venezuela|journal=figshare|date=2016|doi=10.6084/m9.figshare.3081088.v1|url=https://figshare.com/articles/Sinopsis_del_g_nero_Tabebuia_s_l_Angiospermae_Bignoniaceae_en_el_estado_Zulia_Venezuela/3081088|accessdate=2 July 2016}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2012/07/06/2012-16492/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-and-plants-two-foreign-macaw-species|title=Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Two Foreign Macaw Species|accessdate=1 September 2015|publisher=Federal Register: Daily Journal of the United States Government}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/factsheet/22688018|title=EN:Perija Metaltail Metallura iracunda |accessdate=1 September 2015|publisher=Birdlife International}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/factsheet/61173094|title=VU:Perija Starfrontlet Coeligena consita |accessdate=1 September 2015|publisher=Birdlife International}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sci-news.com/biology/science-perija-tapaculo-scytalopus-perijanus-new-bird-species-colombia-venezuela-02589.html|title=Perijá Tapaculo: New Bird Species Discovered in Colombia, Venezuela|date=12 March 2015|accessdate=1 September 2015|publisher=Sci-News.com}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ferrer-Paris|first1=José R.|title=Ubicación de los Incendios en la Sierra de Perijá, estado Zulia Venezuela, entre enero 2015 y marzo 2016.|journal=figshare|date=2016|doi=10.6084/m9.figshare.3116761|url=https://figshare.com/articles/Ubicaci_n_de_los_Incendios_en_la_Sierra_de_Perij_estado_ZuliaVenezuela_entre_enero_2015_y_marzo_2016/3116761|accessdate=2 July 2016}} Bibliography
External links
3 : National parks of Venezuela|Protected areas established in 1978|Geography of Zulia |
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