| 词条 | Allosauroidea |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = Middle Jurassic–Late Cretaceous, {{fossilrange|175.6|91|latest=66}}Possible Late Maastrichtian record | image = Allosaurus skull SDNHM.jpg | image_caption = Allosaurus fragilis skull, San Diego Natural History Museum | taxon = Allosauroidea | authority = Marsh, 1878 | type_species = {{extinct}}Allosaurus fragilis | type_species_authority = Marsh, 1877 | subdivision_ranks = Subgroups[1] | subdivision =
}} Allosauroidea is a superfamily or clade of theropod dinosaurs which contains four families — the Metriacanthosauridae, Allosauridae, Carcharodontosauridae, and Neovenatoridae. The oldest-known allosauroid, Shidaisaurus jinae, appeared in the early Middle Jurassic (probably Bajocian stage) of China. The last known definitive surviving members of the group died out around 93 million years ago in Asia (Shaochilong) and South America (Mapusaurus), though the megaraptorans, including the late-surviving Orkoraptor of the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian stage), may belong to the group as well. Additional, but highly fragmentary, remains probably belonging to carcharodontosaurids have been found from the Late Maastrichtian (70-66 Ma ago) in Brazil.[2] Allosauroids had long, narrow skulls, large orbits, three-fingered hands, and usually had "horns" or ornamental crests on their heads. The most famous and best understood allosauroid is the North American genus Allosaurus. ClassificationThe clade Allosauroidea was originally proposed by Phil Currie and Zhao (1993; p. 2079), and later used as an undefined stem-based taxon by Paul Sereno (1997). Sereno (1998; p. 64) was the first to provide a stem-based definition for the Allosauroidea, defining the clade as "All neotetanurans closer to Allosaurus than to Neornithes." Kevin Padian (2007) used a node-based definition, defined the Allosauroidea as Allosaurus, Sinraptor, their most recent common ancestor, and all of its descendants. Thomas R. Holtz and colleagues (2004; p. 100) and Phil Currie and Ken Carpenter (2000), among others, have followed this node-based definition. However, in some analyses (such as Currie & Carpenter, 2000), the placement of the carcharodontosaurids relative to the allosaurids and sinraptorids is uncertain, and therefore it is uncertain whether or not they are allosauroids (Currie & Carpenter, 2000). The cladogram presented here is simplified after the 2012 analysis by Carrano, Benson and Sampson after the exclusion of three "wildcard" taxa Poekilopleuron, Xuanhanosaurus and Streptospondylus.[1] {{clade| style=font-size:100%;line-height:85%|label1=Allosauroidea |1={{clade |label1= |1=Metriacanthosauridae |label2=Allosauria |2={{clade |label1= |1=Allosauridae |label2=Carcharodontosauria |2={{clade |label1= |1=Neovenatoridae |label2= |2=Carcharodontosauridae CPT-1980CPT-1980 is the museum catalog number for an isolated, {{convert|9.83|cm|in}}, allosauroid tooth crown currently housed at the Museo Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel.[3] In 2009, the tooth was compared to another allosauroid tooth from Portugal that measured {{convert|12.7|cm|in}}. Analysis led to the conclusion that CPT-1980 is the largest theropod tooth ever discovered in Spain. This tooth was discovered by locals near Riodeva, Teruel in the Villar del Arzobispo Formation, more specifically known as RD-39. The rocks have been dated to the Tithonian-Berriasian stages (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous).[3]See also
References{{Wikispecies}}1. ^1 {{Cite journal | last1 = Carrano | first1 = M. T. | last2 = Benson | first2 = R. B. J. | last3 = Sampson | first3 = S. D. | doi = 10.1080/14772019.2011.630927 | title = The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) | journal = Journal of Systematic Palaeontology | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | pages = 211–300| year = 2012 | pmid = | pmc = }} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Fernandes de Azevedo|first1=R. P.|last2=Simbras|first2=F. M.|last3=Furtado|first3=M. R.|last4=Candeiro|first4=C. R. A.|last5=Bergqvist|first5=L. P.|title=First Brazilian carcharodontosaurid and other new theropod dinosaur fossils from the Campanian–Maastrichtian Presidente Prudente Formation, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil|journal=Cretaceous Research|date=2013|volume=40|pages=131–142|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2012.06.004}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Royo-Torres|first1=R.|last2=Cobos|first2=A.|last3=Alcalá|first3=L.|title=Diente de un gran dinosaurio terópodo (Allosauroidea) de la Formación Villar del Arzobispo (Titónico-Berriasiense) de Riodeva (España)|journal=Estudios Geológicos|date=2009|volume=65|issue=1|pages=91–99|doi=10.3989/egeol.39708.049|trans-title=Tooth of a large theropod dinosaur (Allosauroidea) from the Villar del Arzobispo formation (Tithonian-Berriasian) of Riodeva (Spain)|language=es}}
3 : Carnosaurs|Bajocian first appearances|Late Cretaceous extinctions |
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