| 词条 | SMS V1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
SMS V1{{#tag:ref|"SMS" stands for "Seiner Majestät Schiff" ({{lang-de|link=no|His Majesty's Ship}})|group=lower-alpha}} was a V1-class torpedo boat of the Imperial German Navy. The ship was built by AG Vulcan, completing in 1912. She served in the First World War with the German High Seas Fleet, taking part in the Battle of the Heligoland Bight in 1914 and the Battle of Jutland in 1916. She was retained by the post-war German Navy and was stricken in 1929 and scrapped. Construction and designIn 1911, the Imperial German Navy placed orders for a flotilla of 12 torpedo boats as part of its shipbuilding programme for that year, with one half flotilla of six ordered from AG Vulcan, and six from Germaniawerft.{{#tag:ref|The Imperial German Navy's practice was to split a year's orders into half-flotillas of six torpedo boats from different builders, to differing detailed design.[1]|group=lower-alpha}} The 1911 torpedo boats were smaller than those ordered in recent years in order to be more manoeuvrable and so work better with the fleet, which resulted in the numbering series for torpedo boats being restarted. The reduction in size resulted in the ships' seaworthiness being adversely affected.[2] V1{{#tag:ref|The "V" in V1 denotes the shipyard at which she was built.[1]|group=lower-alpha}} was launched from Vulcan's Stettin, Prussia (now Szczecin in Poland) shipyard on 11 September 1911 and commissioned on 12 January 1912.[3]The ship was {{convert|71.1|m|ftin}} long overall and {{convert|70.2|m|ftin}} at the waterline, with a beam of {{convert|7.6|m|ftin}} and a draught of {{convert|3.11|m|ftin}}. Displacement was {{convert|569|t|LT}} normal and {{convert|697|t|LT}} deep load. Three coal-fired and one oil-fired water-tube boilers fed steam to two direct-drive steam turbines rated at {{convert|17000|PS|shp kW}}, giving a design speed of {{convert|32|kn}}.[3] {{convert|107|t|LT}} of coal and {{convert|78|t|LT}} of oil were carried, giving a range of {{convert|1190|nmi}} at {{convert|17|kn}} or {{convert|490|nmi}} at {{convert|29|kn}}.[2] Armament consisted of two {{convert|8.8|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK L/30 naval guns{{#tag:ref|In Imperial German Navy gun nomenclature, the L/30 denotes the length of the gun. In this case, the L/30 gun is 30 caliber, meaning that the gun is 30 times as long as it is in diameter.|group=lower-alpha}} in single mounts fore and aft, together with four 50 cm (19.7 in) torpedo tubes with one reload torpedo carried. Up to 18 mines could be carried. In 1916 the L/30 guns were replaced by more powerful {{convert|8.8|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK L/45 guns.[2][3] In 1921 she was rearmed with two 10.5 cm SK L/45 naval guns and two 50 cm torpedo tubes, and was fitted with new boilers.[3] The ship had a crew of 74 officers and other ranks.[2] ServiceIn May 1913 V1 was the leader of the 9th Half-Flotilla, 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla.[4] On 28 August 1914, a British force of destroyers and cruisers supported by battlecruisers made a sortie into the Heligoland Bight in order to ambush German torpedo boats on patrol, which caused the Battle of Heligoland Bight. The 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla, including V1, were sent out from Heligoland to investigate sightings of British submarines (which were deployed as bait to draw out German ships), and ran into several British destroyers. The Flotilla then turned away to try and escape the trap, but V1 and the torpedo boat {{SMS|S13||2}} could not make full speed and lagged behind the rest of the flotilla. V1 was hit twice by British shells, killing 1 and wounding two, before the arrival of the German cruiser {{SMS|Stettin||2}} allowed the 5th Flotilla to escape.[5][6] In total, however, three German light cruisers ({{SMS|Ariadne||2}}, {{SMS|Cöln|1909|2}} and {{SMS|Mainz||2}}) and one torpedo boat of the German outer screen ({{SMS|V187||2}}) had been sunk.[7] On 8 September 1915, V1 was involved in a collision with the torpedo boat {{SMS|G12||2}} which sank after a torpedo exploded.[2][8] At the Battle of Jutland on 31 May–1 June 1916, V1 was part of the 9th Half-Flotilla, 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla, operating in support of the main German battle fleet.[9] During the night, V1 together with {{SMS|V3||2}} and {{SMS|G11||2}} was fired on by a German cruiser, but escaped unharmed.[10] V1 survived the war, and was one of the twelve destroyers that the Reichsmarine was allowed to retain under the Treaty of Versailles.[11]{{#tag:ref|Although treated as destroyers under the treaty, V1 and other ships of her class were always referred to as torpedo boats by the Germans.[11]|group=lower-alpha}} She was stricken on 27 March 1929 and was broken up at Wilhelmshaven.[3]See also
References1. ^1 {{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=164}} {{reflist|30em}}2. ^1 2 3 4 {{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=167}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{Harvnb|Gröner|1983|p=51}} 4. ^{{Harvnb|Rangeliste der Kaiserlisch-Deutschen Marine|1913|p=62}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Massie|2007|pp=98–99, 102–104}} 6. ^{{Harvnb|Naval Staff Monograph No. 11|1921|pp=122–123, 162}} 7. ^{{Harvnb|Massie|2007|pp=111–115}} 8. ^{{Harvnb|Gröner|1983|p=52}} 9. ^{{Harvnb|Campbell|1998|pp=14, 25}} 10. ^{{Harvnb|Campbell|1998|p=284}} 11. ^1 {{Harvnb|Gardiner|Chesneau|1980|p=223}}
5 : Torpedo boats of the Imperial German Navy|Ships built in Stettin|1911 ships|World War I torpedo boats of Germany|V1-class destroyers |
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