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词条 Societat Civil Catalana
释义

  1. Structure

  2. Creation

  3. Awards

  4. Activism

  5. Criticism

  6. See also

  7. References

{{pp-semi|small=yes}}{{Infobox organization
| image = Rajoy recibe a dirigentes de Societat Civil Catalana 03.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Former President of Spain and People's Party, Mariano Rajoy, receiving managers of SCC. From left to right: Óscar Uceda, Álex Ramos, Miriam Tey, José Rosiñol and Mariano Rajoy.
| formation = {{start date and age|2014|04|07}}
| type = NGO
| area_served = Catalonia
| location = Carrer Còrsega 270, 3r 5ª,
Barcelona
| motto = Juntos y mejor ("Better, together")
| homepage = {{Official website}}
| leader_name = Josep Ramon Bosch
| leader_title = President
| slogan = Tots som Catalunya ("We are all Catalonia")
| languages = Catalan, Spanish
}}Societat Civil Catalana ("Catalan Civil Society", SCC by its Catalan acronym) is a Catalan civic society organization. According to its manifesto, they position themselves as a civil and political platform against the secession of Catalonia from Spain and to promote a stronger relationships between Catalonia and the rest of Spain.[1] Most of SCC initiatives aimed to oppose and counter the Catalan independence movement.[2][3][4][5]The organization was officially launched on 23 April 2014.[4]

Structure

Josep Ramon Bosch is the current president. He was appointed in January 2019 and this is his second term as president of SCC[5]. Other members of the current board are Álex Ramos, Manuel Miró and Xavier Mar.[5]. Bosch replaced Josep Rosiñol, who was president since 2017. Former presidents have been Rafael Arenas, Mariano Gomà, and Josep Ramon Bosch.[6][7][8]Prior to serving as the first SCC president, Bosch had been founder and president of the unionist organisation Somatemps., which is often deemed as far right by pro-independence media. SCC board members have different ideological backgrounds and are or have been associated to pro-union parties such as People's Party of Catalonia, Citizens and Socialists' Party of Catalonia.[9]SCC has delegations in Barcelonès, Baix Llobregat and Tarragona.[10]

Creation

SCC was legally constituted in April 7th 2014. SCC stated that its goal is to be a transverse platform against separatism.[11] In April 23th of the same year SCC had its official presentation to the public at the Victoria Theater in Barcelona.[4][12] Susana Beltrán, who became a deputy of Citizens in Catalonia's Parliament,[13][14] was the host of the event and Bosch, Domingo and Coll delivered the keynote speeches.[4] Josep Rosiñol was the moderator and also member of the provisional executive office. Other members from the provisional executive office who also attended the event were Isabel Pòrcel, Ana María Lindin and Ferran Brunet.[15] The event was attended by members of mainstream political parties with representation in the Spanish parliament such as PP, Citizens, PSC and UPyD[4] Some founding members were members of the Somatemps, including its first president Josep Ramon Bosch, Javier Barraycoa, Josep Alsina and Xavier Codorniu.[16][23][24][17] SCC also received support from Jorge Moragas and Miram Tey.[18]

Awards

  • In November 2014, eight months after its creation, SCC received from the European Parliament the European Citizen's Prize.[19] The prize is awarded to "projects and initiatives that facilitate cross-border cooperation or promote mutual understanding within the EU."[20] SCC was nominated by the Catalan People's Party MEP Santiago Fisas.[21][22]
  • In January 2018 SCC received from socialist Ximo Puig, president of the government of Valencia (Generalitat Valenciana), the Manuel Broseta Foundation Award to Co-existence without the presence nor acceptance of Compromís and Podemos.[23][24][25]

Activism

  • On 11 September 2014 (National Day of Catalonia) it organized its first big concentration event in Tarragona.[26]
  • On 12 October 2014 (Día de la Hispanidad) , gathering 40,000 demonstrators in Barcelona against independence, according to the local police spokesman.[27][28]
  • On 8 October 2017, it mobilized hundreds of thousands of people (350,000 according to local police chief of press, more than 1 million according to the organization itself) in a demonstration at Barcelona. Former EU Parliament president and current Foreign Affairs Minister, socialist Josep Borrell, and Nobel Award Laureate Mario Vargas Llosa, delivered closing speeches at the demonstration. [29]
  • On 12 October 2017, a total of 65,000 people attended to a demonstration call made by SCC.[30]
  • On 29 October 2017, 300,000 people according to local police (one million according to SCC) marched against the unilateral declaration of independence by the Catalan Regional Government.[31] Manifesto speakers were Josep Borrell[32] and Francisco Frutos, former leader of the Spanish Communist Party which condemned his participation in the demonstration and stated that he did not represent them in any way.[33][34][35]
  • On 5 December 2017, SCC denounces in Brussels an alleged indoctrination in schools of Catalonia in Catalan nationalism.[36] Contrary to the beliefs of Spanish nationalism and related entities such as SCC, studies show that the national identity is influenced by parents and neighbours, not the education system.[37]
  • On 18 March 2018, 7,000 people were present in another demonstration.[38] In this demonstration, former French Prime Minister Manuel Valls delivered the closing speech.[39]

SCC demonstration calls have received cross-party support from Catalonia's Popular Party, PSC and Citizens[40][41][42] and it is regarded by some as the leading anti-independence platforms in Catalonia along with the movement for Tabarnia.[43]

SCC gave public support to a demonstration of the platform Tabarnia along with Vox and PxC.[44][43][45][46][47]

In the first months of 2018 SCC started a round of meetings with Spanish politicians and political parties to discuss how to manage the Catalan independence movement in the context of the Spanish constitutional crisis. SCC established conversations with political party Cs (Citizens) and with the president of the government of Spain, Mariano Rajoy (president of People's Party).[48][49] The organization also met with Susana Díaz, president of Andalusia and PSOE-A,[50][51] and with Alberto Núñez Feijóo, president of Galicia and galician People's Party. Political parties En Marea and BNG were left out.[52]In April , representatives of SCC met the leader of the Spanish socialist party PSOE Pedro Sanchez.[53]

First proposed by Miriam Tey, Catalan Civil Society and Josep Ramon Bosch have formed a working group in order to negotiate with Manuel Valls his presentation to 2019 Spain's local elections as a Citizen's candidate.[54][55]

Catalan Civil Society went to the European Parliament to claim that in Catalonia there is linguistic discrimination and that children rights are being violated. They also claimed the existence negative effects in children academic performance due to using Catalan as tuition language in the Catalan education system. This belief is aligned with the rhetoric used by Spanish nationalism.[56][37] Republican Left of Catalonia MEP Josep Maria Terricabras recalled that PISA report does not show any difference,[57] as is the case of the last PISA report, Spanish regional tests and university admission tests.[58]

Criticism

SCC has been subject to recurrent defamation of pro-independence associations and political parties, which recurrently label SCC as a far right organisation. In January 2019, a court of law in Barcelona condemned several pro-independence associations and prominent pro-independence politicians with a fine of 15,000 euros for having falsely accused in a manifesto published in 2015 SCC and senior SCC members of having far-right connections.[59][60][61]In particular, the court also ruled that the defendants should stop making similar defamatory accusations in the future.[59] The defamatory manifesto had been signed by a number of pro-independence politicians: Ernest Maragall, Ramon Tremosa and Josep Maria Terricabras i Nogueras, among others.

According to a several pro-independence websites, Societat Civil Catalana was founded by members of far-right organisation Somatemps[62][63] and other 51 associations.[64] Members of SCC have attended or taken part in events related to organizations and political parties from the far-right like Somatemps, PxC, Vox, National Francisco Franco Foundation, National Democracy and Republican Social Movement.[65][66][67] Among others, Josep Ramon Bosch,[17][68][69][65] Xavier Codorniu,[64][70] José Domingo,[66] Ferran Brunet[12][67] and Joaquim Coll[71][72] have been in contact with far-right organisations. The SCC board of directors has maintained meetings to plan their agenda in which Somatemps members participated.[73]

ERC, CiU and ICV send a letter to Sylvie Gillaume in 2015, the then vice-president of the European Parliament, because they found giving the European Citizen's Price to Societat Civil Catalana was not legitimate. In that time Josep Ramon Bosch was the president of SCC. They criticized the award noting that Societat Civil Catalana has links with the Catalan far-right and promotes xenophobe and extremist ideas. But the letter was not listened and SCC picked up the award in February 2015. This event triggered another letter from CD, ERC, UD and ICV. Gillaume dismissed this second letter alleging that the award passed two courts: one Spanish and one communitarian in which deputies from PP, PSOE, and UPyD participated. European deputies from PSOE and PP where decisive to oppose accusations. The Catalan Parliament accepted a proposal from ICV to scalate a complaint to the European Parliament. PP, PSC and Citizens voted against the proposal. Votes in favor came from ICV-EUiA, ERC, CUP and CiU.[13][74][75]

Some websites claim that violence is recurrent in SCC rallies, even though SCC rejects violence and alleges it can't control the behaviour of individuals attending rallies in Barcelona.[76]

Societat Civil Catalana has been criticised by Javier Barraycoa, former member of SCC and founder of Somatemps,[77][78] of receiving funds from the central government of Spain in order to organize the demonstrations of the 8th and 12th of October 2017.[79][80] Additionally, it has been confirmed that RENFE subsidized 50% of the cost of 245 train tickets for the Diada public act of SCC in September 11th 2014 in Tarragona.[26] Josep Alsina from Somatemps reported that SCC receives generous donations through Joan Boscà Foundation to which many important businesses give money.[69]

According to the Spanish online newspaper Publico, the balance sheet presented by SCC lacks transparency. With only 75 members and 4,000 collaborators SCC managed to gather one million euros in 2014.[26] The members only account for 1.5% of money contributions. Another 1.5% comes from gathering posts and urns. The rest, 97%, comes from private donations. Félix Revuelta, founder and principal stakeholder of Naturhouse, stated that he and many other businessmen give support to SCC.

See also

  • Assemblea Nacional Catalana, an organization which seeks political independence of Catalonia from Spain.
  • Òmnium Cultural, a Catalan Civil Association created to promote Catalan language and spread Catalan culture.
  • Jordi Borràs i Abelló, photojournalist who wrote Desmuntant Societat Civil Catalana and Plus Ultra.

References

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1 : Organisations based in Catalonia
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