“Almah”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Almah

释义

Etymology and social context
Bible usage
See also
References
Bibliography

{{italic title}}{{about||the band|Almah (band)|the band's self-titled album|Almah (album)}}{{About||the moshav by the same name|Alma, Israel}}

Almah ({{Script/Hebrew|עַלְמָה}} ‘almāh, plural: {{Script/Hebrew|עֲלָמוֹת}} ‘ălāmōṯ), from a root implying the vigour of puberty,{{sfn|Childs|2001|p=66}} is a Hebrew word for a young woman of childbearing age.{{sfn|Sweeney|1996|p=161}} Despite its importance to the Christian tradition of the virgin birth of Jesus, scholars agree that it has nothing to do with virginity.{{sfn|Sweeney|1996|p=161}} It occurs nine times in the Hebrew Bible.{{sfn|Byrne|2009|p=155}}

Etymology and social context

Almah derives from a root meaning "to be full of vigour, to have reached puberty".{{sfn|Childs|2001|p=66}} In the ancient Near East girls received value as potential wives and bearers of children: "A wife, who came into her husband's household as an outsider, contributed her labor and her fertility ... [h]er task was to build up the bet 'ab by bearing children, particularly sons" (Leeb, 2002).{{sfn|Leeb|2002|p=unspecified}} Scholars thus agree that almah refers to a woman of childbearing age without implying virginity.{{sfn|Sweeney|1996|p=161}}

Bible usage

The word almah occurs nine times in the Hebrew Bible:{{sfn|Byrne|2009|p=155}}

A servant of Abraham tells his master how he met Rebeccah. He prayed to the Lord that if an almah came to the well and he requested a drink of water from her, that should she then provide him with that drink and also water his camels; he would take that as a sign that she was to be the wife of Isaac. Rebecca, a young, unmarried girl, is that almah.

Miriam, an almah, is entrusted to watch the baby Moses; she takes thoughtful action to reunite the baby with his mother by offering to bring the baby to a Hebrew nurse maid (her mother).

In 1 Chronicles 15:20 and Psalm 46 heading a psalm is to be played "on alamot". The musical meaning of this phrase has become lost with time: it may mean a feminine manner of singing or playing, such as a girls' choir, or an instrument made in the city of "Alameth".

In a victory parade in Psalm 68:25, the participants are listed in order of appearance: 1) the singers; 2) the musicians; and 3) the "alamot" playing cymbals or tambourines.

The Song of Songs 1:3 contains a poetic chant of praise to a man, declaring that all the alamot adore him. Inverse 6:8 a girl is favorably compared to 60 Queens (wives of the King), 80 Concubines, and numberless alamot.

In Proverbs 30:19, a difference between the Hebrew texts and the Greek Septuagint leads to divergent interpretations. The focus of the text is consternation over an adulterous wife. The author compares this adulterous wife's acts to things he claims are hard to understand: a bird flying in air, the movement of a snake over a rock, navigation of a ship through the sea and how a man is with an almah. (The Septuagint reads "and the way of a man in his youth" instead.)

The verses surrounding 14 tell how Ahaz, the king of Judah, is told of a sign to be given in demonstration that the prophet's promise of God's protection from his enemies is a true one. The sign is that an almah is pregnant and will give birth to a son who will still be very young when these enemies will be destroyed.{{sfn|Preuss|2008|p=461}}

References

Bibliography

{{Cite book

|last1=Byrne
|first1=Ryan
|chapter=Anatomy of a Cargo Cult
|editor1-last=Byrne
|editor1-first=Ryan
|editor2-last=McNary-Zak
|editor2-first=Bernadette
|title=Resurrecting the Brother of Jesus: The James Ossuary Controversy and the Quest for Religious Relics
|publisher=University of North Carolina Press
|year=2009
|isbn=
|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=_R50kbDC0LIC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
|ref=harv
}}

{{cite book

|last=Childs
|first=Brevard S
|title=Isaiah
|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press
|year=2001
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTxixTkYagoC
|ref=harv
|isbn=9780664221430
}}

{{Cite book

|last1=Gravett
|first1=Sandra L.
|last2=Bohmbach
|first2=Karla G.
|last3=Greifenhagen
|first3=F.V.
|last4=Polaski
|first4=Donald C.
|title=An Introduction to the Hebrew Bible: A Thematic Approach
|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press
|year=2008
|isbn=9780664230302
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0PtOdR5pxkC&pg=PA72#v=onepage&q=almah%20hebrew%20bible&f=false
|ref=harv
}}

{{cite journal

| last1 = Leeb
| first1 = C.S.
| date = 2002
|title = The widow: homeless and post-menopausal
| journal = Biblical Theology Bulletin
| volume = 32(4)
| pages = 160-162
| publisher =
| url = http://www.highbeam.com/library/docFree.asp?DOCID=1G1:94771780
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130103054636/http://www.highbeam.com/library/docFree.asp?DOCID=1G1:94771780
| dead-url = yes
| archive-date = 2013-01-03
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book

|last1=Preuss
|first1=Horst Dietrich
|chapter=Isaiah
|editor1-last=Botterweck
|editor1-first=Gerhard Johannes
|editor2-last=Ringgren
|editor2-first=Helmer
|title=Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament
|volume=I
|publisher=Eerdmans
|year=1974
|isbn=9780802823250
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=znB4gOMlb3AC&pg=PA461#v=onepage&q=almah%20already%20pregnant&f=false
|ref=harv
}}

{{cite book

|last=Sweeney
|first=Marvin A.
|title=Isaiah 1-39: With an Introduction to Prophetic Literature
|publisher=William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co.
|isbn=9780802841001
|year=1996
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BdSzj9-SZv0C&pg=PA161#v=snippet&q=161&f=false
|ref=harv
}}{{Refend}}

4 : Book of Isaiah|Christianity and Judaism related controversies|Hebrew words and phrases in the Hebrew Bible|Christian terminology

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

Etymology and social context

Bible usage

See also

References

Bibliography