| 词条 | Sonia Orbuch |
| 释义 |
| name = Sonia Orbuch | image = Sonia Orbuch.jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Sarah Shainwald | birth_date = {{birth date|1925|5|24|df=yes}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|2018|9|30|1925|5|24|df=yes}} | death_place = | nationality = Polish | other_names = Sonia Shainwald Orbuch | occupation = | years_active = | known_for = Jewish resistance fighter during the Second World War | notable_works = Here, There Are No Sarahs (2009) }} Sonia Shainwald Orbuch (born Sarah Shainwald, 24 May 1925 – 30 September 2018) was a Polish Jewish resistance fighter during the Second World War and later a Holocaust educator. Orbuch hid in the forests of Poland with her family during the Second World War. To survive, she was renamed Sonia by the Soviets, and she joined the Red Army and helped fight against the Germans. After the war, she returned home, where she met her future husband. After having a daughter in a refugee camp in Germany, the family eventually emigrated to the United States. She spent the rest of life in public engagement, speaking about her experiences and in 2009, published her autobiography, Here, There Are No Sarahs: A Woman's Courageous Fight Against the Nazis and Her Bittersweet Fulfillment of the American Dream. Early lifeSarah Shainwald was born on 24 May 1925 and grew up in Luboml, Ukraine,[1] a town about {{convert|200|mi}} south of Warsaw, Poland, that had a significant Jewish population.[2] Second World WarThe Second World War broke out in 1939 when she was 14. The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact divided Poland between Germany and the Soviet Union and her hometown came under Soviet control. Two years later, Operation Barbarossa forced the Jews of Luboml into a Jewish ghetto. Eight thousand Jews were affected, resulting in a scramble to self-defend, escape or hide. Unable to join her brother's partisan group due to her gender, Sarah hid in the forest with her parents and uncle during the winter of 1942 to 1943, keeping on the move and remaining hungry, cold, and unclean with lice.[2][4] In exchange for her uncle's knowledge of the area, the Soviet partisans accepted them and renamed Sarah as Sonia to sound more Russian.[5] They lived in a forest camp and joined the partisans in acts of sabotage and resistance; she was drafted into the Red Army in 1944.[2] During one of the family's period of hiding, her mother died from typhus.[2][3] She gave assistance to the wounded, despite having no previous medical training.[5] Post-warBy May 1945 and the end of the war, she was back in Luboml working in a post office.[2] That same year, she married former Polish cavalry officer Isaak Orbuch,[4] whom she met in Chelm just after the war.[2] Only 50 of the original 8,000 residents (mostly Jews) of her town survived.[5] After moving to a refugee camp in Zeilsheim near Frankfurt, Germany, where she gave birth to her daughter, the family moved to New York in February 1949, where Orbuch gave birth to her son Paul.[2][5] She subsequently moved to Northern California with her family.[2] She recounted her experiences in her public talks[5] and in 2009, published her autobiography Here, There Are No Sarahs: A Woman's Courageous Fight Against the Nazis and Her Bittersweet Fulfillment of the American Dream which was co-authored with Fred Rosenbaum.[4] Before she died, Orbuch reflected on the extent of Jewish resistance: "Was it possible for everybody to fight and get out to the forest and survive, no it wasn't. My brother did not survive, my uncle did not survive" but nevertheless she felt the "every person in the ghetto fought in their own way."[1] Orbuch died on 30 September 2018.[1] She received obituaries around the world, including from the United States,[5] Asia, and Europe.[4] Publications
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.jewishpartisans.org/partisans/sonia-orbuch|title=Sonia Orbuch|date=|website=Jewish Partisan Education Foundation|accessdate=1 November 2018}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|url=https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/resistance-during-holocaust/sonia-orbuchs-biography|title=Sonia Orbuch’s Biography|website=Facing History and Ourselves|accessdate=1 November 2018}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Cole|first=Tim|title=Holocaust Landscapes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eiHDCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52|year=2016|publisher=Bloomsbury|place=London|isbn=978-1-4729-0688-5|page=52}} 4. ^1 2 3 [https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sonia-orbuch-obituary-q8vlqmhx2 Sonia Orbuch obituary.] The Times, 31 October 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2018. {{subscription required}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 [https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Sonia-Orbuch-Bay-Area-woman-who-fought-Nazis-as-13285186.php Sonia Orbuch, Bay Area woman who fought Nazis as a girl, dies at 93.] Carl Nolte, San Francisco Chronicle, 9 October 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2018. External links
12 : 1925 births|2018 deaths|Jewish women writers|Jewish partisans|Polish women|Polish Jews|Polish emigrants to the United States|Polish autobiographers|Polish women in WWII resistance|People from Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–39)|Women soldiers|Women autobiographers |
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