| 词条 | Almond Aqueduct |
| 释义 |
|name = Almond Aqueduct |image = AlmondAqueductLinsMill.jpg |image_size = |image_caption = |carries = Union Canal |crosses = River Almond |location = West Lothian/City of Edinburgh |os_grid_reference= NT105707 |maintained = British Waterways |designer = |material1 = |material2 = |number_spans = |piers_in_water = |mainspan = |length = 420 feet (130 m) |width = |height = 76 feet (23 m) |depth = |passable = |towpath = |clearance_above = |clearance_below = |begin = |complete = |open = |rebuilt = |heritage = |closed = |coordinates = {{coord|55.9212|-3.4337|display=inline,title}} |extra = }} The Almond Aqueduct, also known as the Lin's Mill Aqueduct, is a navigable aqueduct that carries the Union Canal over the River Almond in Scotland, west of Ratho, Edinburgh. HistoryThe aqueduct was built to a design by Hugh Baird, with advice from Thomas Telford, in tandem with the Slateford Aqueduct and Avon Aqueduct, with which it shares its design.[1] Baird had originally proposed to have only a single span, with embankments carrying the canal the rest of the way, but eventually decided to use the same design as the other two aqueducts.[2] Telford was not convinced that the stone arches were necessary in conjunction with the iron trough, but Baird used both on all three major aqueducts.[1] Construction was carried out by Messrs. Craven, Whitaker and Nowell between 1819 and 1821, their success in building a stone bridge over the River Ouse making their tender for the contract "by far the most eligible."[3] In 1970 it was designated as a scheduled monument[4] and in 1971 it was given Category A status, being individually listed for each local authority (the river denotes the boundary between West Lothian and Edinburgh).[5][6] In 2003 the Union Canal became a scheduled monument[7] thus causing the aqueduct to be scheduled twice and leading to the original designation being removed in 2019.[4] DesignThe Barton Aqueduct of 1761, and subsequent canal aqueducts in the United Kingdom, used large quantities of masonry and puddling to obtain watertightness.[3] After the success of The Iron Bridge in 1789, however, cast iron was used by Telford on aqueducts such as Chirk and Pontcysyllte.[3] Aqueducts built in the early part of the 19th century use either puddle clay or an iron trough in no particular pattern.[8] The Almond Aqueduct uses an iron trough to achieve watertightness, as well as containing the outward pressure of the water, allowing it to be of more slender construction than a purely stone aqueduct such as the Kelvin Aqueduct.[9] Measuring {{convert|420|ft|m}} long, it carries the Union Canal {{convert|76|ft|m}} above the River Almond, from Edinburgh into West Lothian.[10] A sluice into the Almond allows regulation of the water level in the canal, and near to the aqueduct is a feeder from Cobbinshaw Reservoir.[2] The aqueduct can be reached by car by way of a track and by walkers and cyclists on the Union Canal towpath. See also{{Portal|UK Waterways}}
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=1249 |title=Avon Aqueduct, Edinburgh & Glasgow Union Canal |publisher=engineering-timelines.com |accessdate=25 September 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222175624/http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=1249 |archivedate=22 December 2014 }} 2. ^1 {{Canmore |num=50760 |desc=Union Canal, Almond Aqueduct |access-date=22 December 2014}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Fleming|first=George|title=The Millennium Link: The Rehabilitation of the Forth & Clyde and Union Canals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X9XmZQZB0pIC&pg=PA24|year=2000|publisher=Thomas Telford|isbn=978-0-7277-2945-3|pages=23–26}} 4. ^1 {{Historic Environment Scotland|num=SM3000|desc=Union Canal,Lin's Mill Aqueduct,575m SW of Clifton Hall (removed)|access-date=28 March 2019}} 5. ^{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB7430|desc=Union Canal, Almond Aqueduct, River Avon Near Linn's Mill|cat=A|access-date=28 March 2019|fewer-links=yes}} 6. ^{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB27793|desc=Union Canal, Almond Aqueduct, River Almond at Lin's Mill|cat=A|access-date=28 March 2019|fewer-links=yes}} 7. ^{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=SM11097|desc=Union Canal, Fountainbridge to River Almond|access-date=28 March 2019|fewer-links=yes}} 8. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=p0YfAQAAIAAJ |title=The Iron Bridge: symbol of the Industrial Revolution |first1=Neil |last1=Cossons |first2=Barrie Stuart |last2=Trinder |publisher=Phillimore |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-86077-230-6 |page=72}} 9. ^{{Canmore |num=47842 |desc=Union Canal, Avon Aqueduct |access-date=25 September 2014}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.scran.ac.uk/database/record.php?usi=000-000-137-342-C |title=Almond Aqueduct On The Union Canal |publisher=scran.ac.uk |accessdate=22 December 2014}} External links{{Commons category|Almond Aqueduct}} 6 : Category A listed buildings in West Lothian|Category A listed buildings in Edinburgh|Bridges in Edinburgh|Listed bridges in Scotland|Navigable aqueducts in Scotland|Listed canals in Scotland |
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