| 词条 | Souw Beng Kong |
| 释义 |
| name = Kapitein Souw Beng Kong 蘇鳴崗 | image = | caption = | office = 1st Kapitein der Chinezen of Batavia | term_start = 1619 | term_end = 1636 | predecessor = New creation | successor = Kapitein Liem Lak Ko | constituency = Batavia | office2 = | term_start2 = | term_end2 = | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | constituency2 = | office3 = | term_start3 = | term_end3 = | predecessor3 = | successor3 = | constituency3 = | birth_place = Tong An, Fujian, Ming Empire | death_date = {{Death year and age|1644|1580}} | death_place = Batavia, Dutch East Indies | death_cause = | education = | alma_mater = | party = | religion = Chinese religion | occupation = Kapitein der Chinezen | majority = | parents = | spouse = | children = | relations = | awards = | website = | footnotes = }}Souw Beng Kong, 1st Kapitein der Chinezen ({{lang-zh|t=蘇鳴崗|s=苏鸣岗|p=Sū Mínggǎng}}; 1580-1644), called Bencon in older Dutch sources, was an ally of the Dutch East India Company and the first Kapitein der Chinezen of Batavia, capital of colonial Indonesia.[1] This was the most senior Chinese position in the colonial civil bureaucracy with legal and political jurisdiction over the local Chinese community in the colony.[2][3] LifeSouw Beng Kong was born in Tong An, Fujian in 1580 during the Ming Dynasty.[1] By the beginning of the seventeenth century, he had established himself as a leading magnate and merchant in the port city of Banten on the north coast of Java.[1] He was appointed by Pangeran Ratu, Sultan of Banten (1596–1647) as the Kapitan Cina, or Chinese headman, of Banten.[1] In the conflict between the Sultan and the Dutch East India Company, however, Souw sided with the Company.[1] He developed a cordial relationship with Jan Pieterszoon Coen, the fourth Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1587-1629).[4][1] When Coen moved the Dutch headquarters from Banten to the newly conquered city of Jayakarta (later renamed Batavia), the Governor-General asked Souw to relocate to the new Dutch capital.[1] Souw played an important role in consolidating Dutch rule in Batavia by encouraging the settlement of Chinese migrants, starting with 170 Chinese families from Banten.[1] The Company appointed Souw as Kapitein der Chinezen of Batavia with political and legal authority over the local Chinese community.[1][5] This system formed part of the Dutch colonial system of ‘Indirect Rule’.[3] Similar posts were created for leaders of other ethnic groups in Batavia, such as the Bugis, the Balinese, the Makassarese, the Indians and the Papangers.[3] Interethnic relations were close. Kapitein Souw Beng Kong is recorded to have had two Balinese wives who gave birth to two sons.[1] Beyond his role as Kapitein, Souw Beng Kong was also given the authority to mint coins and print money and the license to tax gambling in Batavia.[1] He also developed trade links between Dutch Formosa (Taiwan) and Batavia towards the end of the Ming Dynasty.[1] Souw resigned his captaincy in 1636 after 17 years in office.[6] Kapitein Souw Beng Kong died in 1644.[1] As proven by his tomb, which refers to the Ming dynasty, Souw was a lifelong Ming loyalist.[4] TombThe tomb of Kapitein Souw Beng Kong is one of the oldest historic sites of the colonial period in Jakarta, Indonesia.[7] It is located in Mangga Dua Selatan, Central Jakarta, in what was then the outskirts of the old colonial capital.[7] The then derelict tomb was first restored during the mayoralty of Souw's last colonial successor, Majoor Khouw Kim An (in office: 1910-1918, 1927-1945), who also added a commemorative plaque.[7][8] After decades of abandonment and neglect, the tomb was restored again between 2006 and 2008 by a group led by MATAKIN (Supreme Council for the Confucian Religion in Indonesia) and Trisakti University.[9] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite book|last1=Phoa|first1=Kian Sioe|title=Sedjarahnja Souw Beng Kong: (tangan-kanannja G.G. Jan Pieterszoon Coen), Phoa Beng Gan (achli pengairan dalam tahun 1648), Oey Tamba Sia (hartawan mati ditiang penggantungan)|date=1956|publisher=Reporter|location=Djakarta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ERjDHAAACAAJ&dq=%22souw+beng+kong%22&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y|accessdate=6 April 2017|language=id}} {{s-start}}{{s-gov}}{{s-bef|before=New creation}}{{s-ttl|title=Kapitein der Chinezen of Batavia|years=1619–1636}}{{s-aft|after=Kapitein Liem Lak Ko}}{{s-end}}{{Majoors and Kapiteins der Chinezen of Batavia}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Souw, Beng Kong}}2. ^{{cite book|last1=Suryadinata|first1=Leo|title=Chinese Adaptation and Diversity: Essays on Society and Literature in Indonesia, Malaysia & Singapore|date=1993|publisher=NUS Press|location=Singapore|isbn=9789971691868|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvBs66bD5mcC&dq=%22souw+beng+kong%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s|accessdate=7 April 2017|language=en}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Lohanda|first1=Mona|title=The Kapitan Cina of Batavia, 1837-1942|date=1994|publisher=Djambatan|location=Jakarta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kwxttwAACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Mona+Lohanda%22&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIy5Tf_o7TAhWLu48KHYsxCmUQ6AEIOTAF|accessdate=6 April 2017|language=en}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Hoetink |first1=B. |title=Hikajat Kapitein Souw Beng Kong: kapala bangsa Tionghoa jang pertama di Batavia (1619-1636) |date=1918 |publisher=Lie Tek Long |location=Batavia |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=--7nQbzyPXoC&q=%22souw+beng+kong%22+ming&dq=%22souw+beng+kong%22+ming&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjFtPmg5t3dAhVKfSsKHSVsCM8Q6AEIPTAD |accessdate=28 September 2018 |language=id}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Rush|first1=James R.|title=Opium to Java: Revenue Farming and Chinese Enterprise in Colonial Indonesia, 1860-1910|date=2007|publisher=Equinox Publishing|isbn=9789793780498|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SE6EbKaCR2gC&pg=PA85&dq=%22bencon%22&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22bencon%22&f=false|accessdate=7 April 2017|language=en}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Thamrin|first1=Mahandis Yoanata|title=Sepetak Tanah Berkisah tentang Sang Kapitan|journal=National Geographic Indonesia|date=27 April 2012|url=http://nationalgeographic.co.id/berita/2012/04/sepetak-tanah-berkisah-tentang-sang-kapitan|accessdate=7 April 2017|language=id}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Heuken|first1=Adolf|title=Historical Sites of Jakarta|date=1983|publisher=Cipta Loka Caraka|location=Jakarta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YNmQmgEACAAJ&dq=HEUKEN+HISTORICAL+SITES&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiO3sCSxMTWAhXGULwKHUdJD1MQ6AEIJTAA|language=en}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Wresti|first1=M. Clara|title=Makam Souw Beng Kong, Situs Sejarah yang Dilupakan - Kompas.com|journal=Kompas Cyber Media|date=September 8, 2008|url=http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/10/08/06562523/makam.souw.beng.kong.situs.sejarah.yang.dilupakan|accessdate=27 September 2017|language=en}} 9. ^{{cite news|last1=Samantha|first1=Gloria|title=Ziarah Kubur Kapiten Souw Beng Kong|url=http://nationalgeographic.co.id/berita/2011/08/ziarah-kubur-kapiten-souw-beng-kong|accessdate=27 September 2017|work=National Geographic Indonesia|agency=National Geographic Indonesia|publisher=National Geographic Indonesia|date=22 August 2011|language=id}} 13 : 1580 births|1644 deaths|People from Xiamen|Politicians from Banten|Dutch colonial governors and administrators|Dutch East India Company people|People from Batavia, Dutch East Indies|People of the Dutch East Indies|Indonesian people of Chinese descent|Indonesian Hokkien people|Kapitan Cina|Politicians from Fujian|Ming dynasty politicians |
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