- Medals
- Results
{{Infobox country at games
| IAAF = ESP
| fedname = RFEA
| year = 1978
| date =
| games = European Athletics Championships
| location = Prague
| competitors = 16
| events = 12
| competitors_men = 13
| competitors_women = 3
| gold = 1
| silver = 0
| bronze = 0
| rank = 10
| appearances = auto
| app_begin_year = 1950
| website = {{URL|http://www.rfea.es/}}
}}Spain competed at the 1978 European Athletics Championships in Prague, then Czechoslovakia, from 29 August to 3 September 1978. For the first time, a Spanish athlete won a medal in the European Athletics Championships. Medals| Medal | Name | Event | Date |
|---|
| {{gold medal}} | Jordi Llopart | Men's 50 km walk | 2 September |
Results- Men
- Track & road events
| Athlete | Event | Heats | Semifinal | Final |
|---|
| Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
|---|
| Luis Sarria | 200 m | 21.18 | 13 Q | 21.24 | 12 | Did not advance | | José Manuel Abascal | 1500 m | 3:47.6 | 29 | Did not advance | | Fernando Cerrada | 5000 m | 13:40.4 | 18 | colspan=2 {{n/a}} | Did not advance | | Javier Moracho | 110 m hurdles | 14.15 | 15 Q | 14.16 | =11 | Did not advance | | Juan Lloveras | 14.17 | 16 | Did not advance | | José Alonso | 400 m hurdles | 50.27 | 3 Q | 50.32 | 6 Q | 50.19 | 7 | | José Antonio Campos | 3000 m steeplechase | 8:38.2 | 11 | Did not advance | | Domingo Ramón | 9:07.8 | 31 | Did not advance | | Antonio Romero | Marathon | colspan=4 {{n/a}} | 2:19:26.4 | 26 | | José Marín | 20 km walk | colspan=4 {{n/a}} | 1:24:38.1 | 5 | | 50 km walk | colspan=4 rowspan=3 {{n/a}} | {{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}} | | Agustín Jorba | {{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}} | | Jordi Llopart | {{abbr>CR|Championship record}} | {{gold1}} |
- Field events
| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Final |
|---|
| Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
|---|
| Alberto Solanas | Long jump | 7.36 | 21 | Did not advance |
- Women
- Track & road events
| Athlete | Event | Heats | Semifinal | Final |
|---|
| Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
|---|
| Carmen Valero | 3000 m | colspan=4 {{n/a}} | 9:34.0 | 23 | | Rosa María Colorado | 400 m hurdles | 59.76 | 22 | Did not advance | | Montserrat Pujol | 60.21 | 24 | Did not advance |
{{1978 European Athletics Championships participating nations}} 3 : Nations at the 1978 European Athletics Championships|Spain at the European Athletics Championships|1978 in Spanish sport |