词条 | Special Actions Unit (Malaysia) | ||||||||
释义 |
| unit_name = Special Actions Unit | image = Crest of the Special Actions Unit.PNG | image_size = | alt = | caption = The crest of the Special Actions Unit | dates = 1 January 1975–present | country = {{flag|Malaysia}} | allegiance = | branch = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Royal Malaysian Police.svg}} Royal Malaysian Police | type = Elite forces (Special forces) Police tactical unit | role = {{Unbulleted list |Special operations |Intelligence gathering |Direct action |Special weapons and tactics |Counter-terrorism |VIP protections |Urban warfare | size = 410 Operators (as November 2017)[1] | command_structure = {{flagicon image|Special Operations Command (Malaysia).svg}} Special Operations Command National Special Operations Force | garrison = Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur | garrison_label = | nickname = "SWAT Malaysia" ('Malaysian SWAT') | patron = | motto = Tangkas Banteras Ganas ('Quick to Overcome Terror') | colors = {{legend2|#4A1B23|Maroon|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} | colors_label = Colour of Beret | march = | mascot = | equipment = | equipment_label = | battles = {{Collapsible list | expand = | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; | title = List |1=1975 AIA building hostage crisis |2=Pudu Prison siege |3=Operation Astute |4=Arrest of Mas Selamat Kastari |5=UNMIT |6=Lahad Datu standoff | anniversaries = 20 October | decorations = | battle_honours = | battle_honours_label = | website = | commander1 = | commander1_label = | commander2 = | commander2_label = | notable_commanders = SAC Dato' Meor Chek Hussien Mahayuddin | identification_symbol = | identification_symbol_label = | identification_symbol_2 = | identification_symbol_3 = | identification_symbol_4 = | identification_symbol_2_label = Royal Malaysian Police Parachute Wing Insignia | identification_symbol_3_label = | identification_symbol_4_label = | native_name = Unit Tindakhas اونيت تيندق خاص | countries = | current_commander = SAC Datuk Hazani Ghazali | identification_symbol_5 = | identification_symbol_5_label = }} The Special Actions Unit ({{Lang-ms|Unit Tindakhas — UTK}}, Jawi: اونيت تيندق خاص), commonly known as UTK, is an elite special forces and tactical unit of the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP).[2] The unit is based at the RMP Bukit Aman headquarters, Kuala Lumpur and, together with 69 Commando Battalion ({{Lang-ms|Batalion Komando 69}}), they are part of Pasukan Gerakan Khas ('Special Operations Command — Police SOCOM'). This unit performs as a high-level national Police Tactical Unit, providing 24 hours close protection to high ranking government executives and their spouse, and the unit's members also undertake undercover missions. UTK operators are specially trained to intervene in high-risk events like hostage and barricade situations by hostile forces, especially terrorists and/or criminals. UTK is the Malaysia's oldest and most experienced unit in dealing with counter-terrorism.[3] UTK is equivalent to combination of German Federal Police GSG 9 and the U.S. Secret Service. HistoryFounded on 1 January 1975, UTK is the brainchild of then Inspector-General of Police Tun Hanif Omar.[4] They were also deployed in the first mission during the Japanese Red Army ({{Lang-ja|日本赤軍}}; Rōmaji: Nihon Sekigun) hostage incident on 5 August 1975 when the terrorists held approximately 50 civilians including members of the US consulate and the Swedish chargé d'affaires as hostages within the AIA building housing several embassies in Kuala Lumpur, two years after the massacre of Israeli hostages in Munich, West Germany by the Palestinian Black September army group in 1973. The terrorists won the release of five imprisoned comrades and flew with them to Libya. UTK were trained by the British Army's 22 Special Air Service (22 SAS) to operate in the urban warfare. UTK were also involved with the Grup Gerak Khas (Malaysian Army's special forces unit) to manage security during the 1998 Commonwealth Games. Merger in Pasukan Gerakan Khas{{Main|Pasukan Gerakan Khas}}On 20 October 1997, the Royal Malaysia Police reorganised and setting back the VAT 69 and UTK, and coordinate them into one special operations command known as the Pasukan Gerakan Khas (PGK; 'Special Operations Command — Police SOCOM') and launched by the Prime Minister, Mahathir Muhammad and then Inspector-General of Police, Tan Sri {{Interlanguage link|Rahim Noor|ms|Abdul Rahim bin Mohd. Noor|WD=}}.[5] Although amalgamated into one directorate, they are essentially still two separate entities operating in two distinct operational environments. National Special Operations ForceIn 2016, main counter-terrorism operators in Malaysia are formed into one special operations task force.[6] Few operators from UTK are selected to be part of the National Special Operations Force. RolesUTK has a variety of roles in addition to helping other branch's duties in large and serious cases.[7] However, UTK is tasked in four main roles which is:
The tactics and organisation of the UTK are primarily influenced by the German GSG-9 and the U.S. Special Activities Division, but with a difference; UTK operatives operate mostly in plain-clothes and also perform undercover missions. With approximately 300 members, the UTK is deployed in cases of hostage taking, kidnapping, terrorism and extortion. The group may also be used to secure locations, neutralise targets, track down fugitives and sometimes conduct sniper operations and escorting and protecting top leaders and VVIPs.[8][9] UTK members are equipped for urban operations.[10] In 2014, RMP establishes new elite units (STAFOC, STING and STAGG). UTK and VAT 69 is given another role which is to support these three new units in term of training and technical capabilities.[11] Functions and area of responsibilityFunctionsUTK's roles are believed to include:
As a part of Police SOCOM, the area of responsibility in Malaysia was divided between the two SOCOM detachments. The areas of responsibility that being given to UTK are: Johor, Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Putrajaya, Selangor. IdentitiesMaroon beretsUTK operators wear blueish shades (bordeaux colour) of maroon beret which is different from the Malaysian Army's 10th Parachute Brigade and RMP General Operations Force Senoi Praaq's beret. The maroon beret symbolised the UTK as a special unit. On 14 November 2006, for the first time in the history of Royal Malaysian Police, the maroon and sand coloured berets of PGK were honoured as Royal Berets by Yang Dipertuan Agong Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Syed Putera Jamalullail, the then King of Malaysia. Parachute WingsIt identifies the abilities of parachutist, airborne unit and air assault operations. The parachute wings are mostly worn by operators from Pasukan Gerakan Khas and can only be worn after they passes the Basic Tactical Parachuting Course ({{Lang-ms|Kursus Asas Payung Terjun Tektikal}}). UTK InsigniaUTK badge gets its influence from British Special Air Service badge and Malayan Scouts (now known as 22 SAS) badge as UTK were trained by the SAS. OrganisationPreviously separate entities, both the VAT 69 and the UTK were amalgamated into the PGK Command on 20 October 1997, when it was launched by the 5th Inspector General of Police, Tan Sri Rahim Noor. However, the VAT 69 and the UTK are still operating as separate units. The UTK is now officially known as Pasukan Gerakan Khas Detachment A and VAT 69 has been deputised to Pasukan Gerakan Khas Detachment B. Based at the Royal Malaysia Police Headquarters in Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur, the PGK is under the direct command of the RMP's Internal and Public Security ({{lang-ms|Keselamatan Dalam Negeri dan Ketenteraman Awam}}) Director. The unit commander holds the rank of Senior Assistant Commissioner (SAC) and is the Deputy Director of the Internal and Public Security Branch. With the growing threat of terrorism since the 11 September attacks, this unit has increasingly adapted itself to conduct counter-terrorism duties.[12] With the aim of creating teams that are capable of dealing with a broad range of operations (especially counter-terrorism operations), the PGK small patrol team consist of six to ten operatives led by officers ranked from Police Inspector to Superintendent of Police with different expertise such as an assault units, snipers, communications experts, EOD experts and field medics. The PGK has also forged closer relations with the special forces of the Malaysian Armed Forces, including the elite 10th Parachute Brigade, 21st Grup Gerak Khas, PASKAL and PASKAU, so as to enable them to more effectively enforce security within Malaysia's borders. Recruitment, selection and trainingAll members of the Malaysian police forces services with two years of service can enter UTK Selections. Depending on the department's policy, officers generally have to serve a minimum tenure within the department before being able to apply for a specialist section such as VAT 69 & UTK. This tenure requirement is based on the fact that PGK officers are still law enforcement officers and must have a thorough knowledge of department policies and procedures. To be eligible to join the PGK Special Forces, one must be younger than 30 years old and have a good health record. Physical Screening TestProspective trainees are expected to exceed the minimum requirements of the Physical Screening Test (PST), which requires that trainees must be able to:
UTK pre-selection (2 Weeks)Candidates need to pass 14-day UTK selection process in Kuala Lumpur before the real course in Ulu Kinta, Perak and Maktab Teknik PDRM (MTPDRM; 'RMP Technical College'), Bakri, Muar, Johor. Basic Special Actions Course (13 Weeks)Known as Kursus Asas UTK in Malay language, the basic course lasts for three months training period, which includes thirteen weeks of basic training and nine weeks of advanced training. This course is open to women. The attrition rate for this course is 80% and up to 95%.[13] The main difference between UTK Selections and the Basic 69 Commando Course is, the UTK candidate does not need to enter Kursus Asas Pasukan Gerakan Am ('Basic General Operations Force Course') which will take another three months. This is because of UTK operates in an urban environment while VAT 69 is more into jungle operations. Among the training in the Basic Special Actions Course is:
In 2016, from 320 applicants, only 18 police personnel passed the selection. One of them is a women senior officer.[13] Advanced Training (9 Weeks)To accomplish its varied mission profiles, the PGK ensures that its members are well trained in the required aspects of special operations. These include:
The PGK is known to conduct joint training exercises and participate in exchange programs with Commonwealth special ops units such as the Australian SAS, British SAS, New Zealand SAS and Singapore Special Tactics and Rescue. The PGK routinely trains with neighbouring country tactical teams such as the Indonesian Mobile Brigade and Thailand Border Patrol Police. Occasionally, the PGK trains with FBI Hostage Rescue Team, French GIGN and RAID, German GSG 9,[15] Italian NOCS, Spanish G.E.O, U.S. Delta Force, U.S. Green Berets, U.S. Army Special Operations Command Pacific Unit (SOCPAC), Russian Special Rapid Response Unit[15] and other international units. On 10 December 2003, the then Inspector General of Police, Tan Sri Mohd Bakri Haji Omar, launched the training program between the USSOCPAC and the 69th PGK at the General Operations Force Training Center in Ulu Kinta, Perak. The teams of SOCPAC were to conduct joint exercise with the PGK, under the code-name Advance Vector Balance Mint for a duration of 2 weeks.[16] Only 42 out of the 194 participants completed the inaugural program. UTK equipmentPGK's teams use equipment designed for a variety of specialist situations. The particular pieces of equipment vary from unit to unit, but there are some consistent trends in what they wear and use. Much of their equipment is indistinguishable from that supplied to the military, not least because much of it is military surplus. WeaponsAs a special forces unit, the PGK is equipped with a wide variety of high-class weapons and support equipment commonly associated with counter-terrorism operations, the most common weapons include sub-machine guns, assault rifles, shotguns, machine guns and sniper rifles.[14] Semi-automatic pistols are the most popular sidearms and the majority of the officers use various 9 mm pistols. Principal handguns include:
Various shotguns used by PGK units include:
Common sub-machine guns used by all PGK teams include:
Common carbines include:
Common sniper rifles used are:
The 69 Commandos used the common machine guns include:
Various grenade launchers used by PGK units include:
Less lethal weapons is:
Tactical VehiclesAs a special operations unit, the PGK employs a number of specialised vehicles to accomplish its missions. These include the Commando V-150D and the GKN Sankey AT105 armoured personnel carriers equipped with M60s as assault vehicles in urban and jungle terrain as well as modified police MPV (Mobile Patrol Vehicles), vans, trucks, 4WD and buses for use as tactical vehicles. PGK also employs RHIB assault boats, jet-skis and Marine Subskimmer (DPV) in maritime missions and amphibious insertions. For its airborne operations, PGK utilises the C-130 Hercules, Cessna 206G, Cessna 208 Caravan 1 and Pilatus Porter PC-6 aircraft as well as the E-Squirrel AS-355 F2/AS-355N helicopter. Developments and AcquisitionsUTK Operators will be sent to the overseas training centre to sharpen their skills.[18] In 2017, then Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dato' Seri Najib Razak has announced to relocate UTK Headquarters from Bukit Aman to Semenyih, Selangor.[19] The new base will cost 100 million Ringgit. Killed in the line of duty{{Main article|List of Malaysian police officers killed in the line of duty}}
MissionsThe arrest of Mas SelamatIn February 2008, a major leader of the Singaporean Jemaah Islamiah (JI), Mas Selamat escaped from the Whitley Road Detention Center, a detention centre of the most stringent in Southeast Asia. A few months later, he was found hiding in a village house in Kampung Tawakal, Skudai, 40 km from the city of Johor Bahru. With surveillance and planning with tactical raids were so neat, on 1 April 2009 06:00 AM, a team of anti-terrorist unit, UTK were sent to help members of the Special Branch apprehend the leader of the militants in the home village. UTK outflank every corner of the house when Mas Selamat was sleeping. According to witnesses the incident, Mohd Saat Marjo, 57, who was a neighbour next door, is telling that a masked team armed with automatic weapons, along with members of the Special Branch in plain clothes, stormed the house through two gates which are broken as soon as Mas Selamat refused to come out to surrender even called by the police. The raid and siege of UTK and Special Branch is perfectly done, which led Mas Selamat failed to escape until he was caught. He was handcuffed and his face is covered with dark blue cloth before being taken out.[20] Regular members of JI, Abdul Matin Anol Rahmat and Johar Hassan also was arrested there.[21] Police also seized a number of JI's documents and confidential planning information and send Bomb Disposal Unit to ensure that the house is free of any explosives. However, the involvement of UTK in the operation is not made public because of the high level of secrecy. The arrest was more directed to the Special Branch unit. Publicly known missions
Controversy{{Main|Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa}}In October 2006, an officer and two members of the UTK was arrested on suspicion of conspiring with Abdul Razak Baginda in the murder of a woman from Mongolia. She was killed before her body then blown up with C4 explosives in October 2006 in Shah Alam, Selangor. In popular culture'
See also{{main article|List of special police units}}
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External links{{Commons category|Pasukan Gerakan Khas}}
10 : Government agencies established in 1997|Law enforcement units|Law enforcement in Malaysia|Organizations established in 1997|Counter-terrorism in Malaysia|Police units of Malaysia|Royal Malaysia Police|Special forces of Malaysia|Non-military counter-terrorist organizations|National law enforcement agencies of Malaysia |
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