1. Early life

2. Military career
    Flight test and Vietnam  Training commands  Final military years 

3. NASA career

4. Personal life

5. Honors
    Decorations  Other honors 

6. See also

7. Notes

8. Attribution

9. External links

Spence M. "Sam" Armstrong (born 1934{{r|USAF Biography (1987)}}) is a retired United States Air Force general officer, combat veteran, and test pilot. In his thirty-four years of military service, he served in command assignments at five different levels in the Air Force and retired as vice commander of Air Force Systems Command.

Armstrong spent eleven more years as a senior executive at the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) leading the agency's human resources efforts and programs with academia.

Early life

Armstrong was born in 1934 in Columbia, Tennessee and graduated from Hay Long High School in 1951. He spent a year at Vanderbilt University before entering the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. In 1956, he graduated with distinction earning a bachelor of science degree in engineering.{{r|USAF Biography (1987)}}{{r|Cooper & Glasser (2002)}} Armstrong accepted his commission as a second lieutenant in the United States Air Force.{{r|Mirelson & Dunbar (2002)}}

Military career

Armstrong earned his pilot's wings in 1957 after completing flight training at Greenville Air Force Base in Mississippi. He attended F-86 gunnery school at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona, followed by F-100 gunnery school at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. In April 1958, Armstrong was assigned to the 356th Tactical Fighter Squadron at Myrtle Beach Air Force Base in South Carolina.{{r|USAF Biography (1987)}} After three years flying F-100s, he attended the University of Michigan where he earned master's degrees in astronautical engineering and instrumentation engineering.{{r|Mirelson & Dunbar (2002)}} In 1963, Armstrong was assigned to Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico where he served as a guidance and control engineer.{{r|USAF Biography (1987)}}

Flight test and Vietnam

In 1964, Armstrong was selected to attend the Aerospace Research Pilot School (now known as the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School) at Edwards Air Force Base, California. He graduated with class 64C, the third class to start in 1964.{{r|Young (1994)}} In 1965, Armstrong was assigned as the F-106 test project officer at Holloman Air Force Base. After two years in flight test, Armstrong prepared for a combat tour in Southeast Asia by completing F-105 combat crew training at McConnell Air Force Base, Kansas. He was assigned to the 34th Fighter Squadron based at Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand where he flew 100 combat missions in the F-105. In July 1968, Armstrong returned to flight test as an instructor and later as the deputy commandant at the Aerospace Research Pilot School.{{r|USAF Biography (1987)}}

Training commands

In August 1971, Armstrong attended the Air War College at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama and graduated in May 1972. After a tour as the senior Air Force representative at the United States Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia, Armstrong was assigned in 1973 to the 12th Flying Training Wing as the base commander at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas. In July 1974, he became the commanding officer of the 80th Flying Training Wing at Sheppard Air Force Base. Armstrong returned to academia in 1976–78 to complete senior management courses at Columbia University in New York City and Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In April 1978, Armstrong was assigned to USAF headquarters in Washington, D.C. as director for program integration. He then served as the deputy director of space systems and command, control and communications before returning to Randolph AFB in 1980 as the deputy chief of staff for technical training. Armstrong was then assigned as commander of the Air Force Military Training Center, Lackland Air Force Base.{{r|USAF Biography (1987)}}

Final military years

In August 1983, during the Iran–Iraq War, Armstrong was assigned as chief of the joint United States Military Training Mission whose mission is to train, advise, and assist the Saudi Arabian Army. After two years in this assignment, he was promoted to lieutenant general and served as vice commander of Military Airlift Command at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois. In July 1987, Armstrong was assigned as vice commander of Air Force Systems Command at Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland.{{r|USAF Biography (1987)}} In April 1990, after 34 years of military service, Armstrong retired from the U.S. Air Force.{{r|Cooper & Glasser (2002)}}

NASA career

After retiring from military service, Armstrong joined President George H. W. Bush's Space Exploration Initiative as director of program architecture for the Synthesis Group that was charged with developing architectures to return astronauts to the Moon and then to Mars.{{r|Mirelson & Dunbar (2002)}} In 1991, he was named associate administrator for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Human Resources and Education office where he helped create industry-recognized programs for the development of executives and program managers.{{r|Cooper & Glasser (2002)}}

In 1998, Armstrong was named associate administrator for the Office of Aerospace and Space Transportation Technology responsible for measuring progress on NASA's ten goals that supported the three pillars of global civil aviation, revolutionary technology, and access to space.{{r|Eschenbach (1998)}}{{r|Brown (1998)}} At the Turning Goals Into Reality aviation conference, he hosted a celebration of individual and team accomplishments toward these goals.{{r|Mirelson & Dunbar (2002)}}

In 2000, Armstrong was named senior advisor to the NASA administrator. Armstrong directed the agency's efforts to find new ways of increasing participation with universities and industry.{{r|Cooper & Glasser (2002)}} Armstrong's areas of responsibilities included export control, information technology, security, and grants.{{r|Mirelson & Dunbar (2002)}} He initiated and moderated a series of interactive webcasts with universities and colleges that included presentations of new partnership opportunities with NASA and question-and-answer sessions with agency leaders.{{r|Cast (2001)}} After three years in charge of university programs for NASA and eleven years with the agency, Armstrong retired on December 31, 2002.{{r|Clayton (2003)}}{{r|Mirelson & Dunbar (2002)}}

Personal life

Honors

Decorations

Armstrong was awarded the following decorations for his military service.{{r|USAF Biography (1987)}}

Other honors

During his career at NASA, Armstrong was awarded the Presidential Rank of Meritorious Executive, the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal, and the NASA Exceptional Service Medal.{{r|Mirelson & Dunbar (2002)}} He was awarded an honorary doctor of laws degree from the University of Akron in Ohio.{{r|USAF Biography (1987)}}

See also

• Air Education and Training Command
• List of U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School alumni
• List of United States Naval Academy alumni
• NASA awards and decorations
• National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program
• Reusable launch system

Notes

Attribution

{{Air Force}}

{{NASA}}

External links

• {{cite web |last=Plunkett |first=W. H. |title=Spence M. "Sam" Armstrong F-105 History |url=http://34tfsthuds.us/resources/Pictures/A-F/Armstrong_Spence_M.pdf |work=|date=July 21, 2015 |publisher=34tfsthuds.us |location=|accessdate=June 11, 2016}}
• {{cite web |last=Nassr |first=Mike |title=From Navy Blue to Air Force Blue |url =http://www.usna56.org/images/Shipmate_USAF_Article.pdf |work=Shipmate |date=January–February 2004 |publisher=United States Naval Academy Class of 1956 |location=Annapolis, Marland |accessdate=June 18, 2016}}
• {{cite web |last=Smith |first=Robert W. |title=388th Tactical Fighter Wing |url=http://www.kalimera.org/nf104/ab/ch_5/iii.html |work=|date=August 11, 2010 |publisher=nf104.com |location=|accessdate=June 12, 2016}}

• Hoeryong Chongnyon Station
• Hoeryong County
• Hoeryong Revolutionary Site
• Hoeryong Station
• Hoeryŏng Ch'ŏngnyŏn Station
• Hoeryŏng Station
• Hoeryŏng T'an'gwang Line
• Hoerzu.de
• Hoesan Gam clan
• Hoeschel, David
• Hoesik
• Hoesung Lee
• Hoeting
• Hoeufft
• Hoeveler, William
• Hoeven's organ
• Hoey, Aaron
• Hoey, David
• Hoeye, Michael
• Hoey, Michael
• HOf
• Ho Fan
• Hofbauer GmbH
• Hofbauer, Michael
• Hofberg