| 词条 | Splenosis |
| 释义 |
CauseA necessary requirement for splenosis is the rupture of the spleen, through a traumatic injury (such as a car wreck) or abdominal surgery, especially splenectomy. Splenose in the abdominal category may occur in up to 65% of traumatic ruptures of the spleen.[2] Splenosis in the thoracic cavity is rarer, because it requires the simultaneous rupture of the diaphragm. The implantation of spleen tissue under the skin may result from abdominal surgery or gunshot wounds. Splenosis of the brain or liver is hypothesized to be the result of tiny pieces of spleen tissue traveling through the bloodstream. PathologyMacroscopically, splenosis manifests as individual pieces of reddish-blue tissue with variable shape, mostly in the abdominal cavity, and varying in size from a few millimeters to as large as 12 cm. Due to the limited blood supply to these nodules, the typical size of splenic implants is usually less than 3 cm. The implants can be separate pieces or connect to other pieces of splenic tissue by a thin stem.[3]Histologically, the regular spleen tissue is made up of red and white pump, similar to the structure of an accessory spleen. Clinical presentationAbout a decade commonly passes between the injury and the discovery of splenosis. As little as five months and as much as 32 years have been reported. Most people with splenosis have no symptoms, so the splenosis is discovered by chance through screening or in the process of diagnosing another disease. Some people experience symptoms, such as abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, hemorrhage, or hydronephrosis. Symptoms of splenosis affecting the thoracic cavity sometimes include hemoptysis or pleurisy. DiagnosisA definitive diagnosis is often made through biopsy and histological examination of the tissue by a pathologist. Multiple implants of splenic tissue can mimic the appearance of some cancerous conditions. This can be clarified through diagnostic imaging (for example, ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI). In particular, splenosis is differentiated from different forms of lymphoma, metastisized cancers, cancer of the abdomen and pleural tissues, primary kidney or liver tumors, endometriosis or non-cancerous swollen lymph nodes. TreatmentTreatment of splenosis is often unnecessary, because it is benign and usually asymptomatic. For people experiencing symptoms, the splenic tissue can be removed by surgery. EpidemiologySplenosis is slightly more common in males than females, probably due to the greater frequency of physical trauma experienced by men.[4] HistoryThe first description of splenosis in medical literature was by Faltin in 1911,[5] before Buchbiner and Lipkoff named it in 1939.[6] References1. ^R. D. Fremont, T. W. Rice: Splenosis: A Review. 2. ^A. H. Huang, K. Shaffer: Case 93: thoracic splenosis. 3. ^C. R. Fleming, E. R. Dickson, E. G. Harrison, Jr: Splenosis: auto-transplantation of splenic tissue. 4. ^J. N. Yammine, A. Yatim, A. Barbari: Radionuclide imaging in thoracic splenosis and a review of the literature. 5. ^R. Faltin: Milzartige Bildungen im Peritoneum. 6. ^J. H. Buchbinder, C. J. Lipkoff: Splenosis: multiple peritoneal splenic implants following abdominal injury. 2 : Spleen (anatomy)|Diseases of spleen |
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