| 词条 | SS Atlanta | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The SS Atlanta was a wooden hulled Great Lakes steamer that sank in Lake Michigan off the coast of Cedar Grove, Wisconsin, United States, after burning down. Her wreckage still remains at the bottom of the lake, and on November 6, 2017, the wreck of the Atlanta was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[1] HistoryThe Atlanta (Official number 106823)[2] was built in 1891 in Cleveland, Ohio, by the Cleveland Dry Dock Company as a passenger and package freight vessel. She was built for the Goodrich Transportation Company of Kenosha, Wisconsin. The ship had an overall length of {{convert|220|ft|m}} and was {{convert|200|ft|m}} long between perpendiculars.[2] The hull was {{convert|32.2|ft|m}} wide[2] and was {{convert|22.6|ft|m}} deep.[2][3] The ship had a gross tonnage of 1129.17 tons[2] and a net tonnage of 958.06 tons.[2] The Atlanta was equipped with a 900-horsepower fore and aft compound steam engine; the steam for the engine was provided by two Scotch marine boilers.[3] The Atlanta was launched on April 25, 1891.[3] The ship was used to transport passengers and package freight across Lake Michigan. The Atlanta regularly made trips to Chicago, Illinois; Muskegon, Michigan; and Grand Haven, Michigan. The ship ran these trips in the shipping season between March and December before it was laid up for the winter.[4] In 1895 the Atlanta{{'s}} two Scotch boilers were replaced with new ones. The new boilers were located further forward inside the hull, this brought the stern {{convert|20|in|cm}} out of the water. The ship also received a new and wider afterbody. The Atlanta was later put on Wisconsin's winter fleet, and it visited ports on Lake Michigan from Chicago to Green Bay and Marinette, Wisconsin.[4] Final voyageOn the day of March 18, 1906, the Atlanta was sailing from Sheboygan, Wisconsin, to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, with 65 passengers on board. Her cargo hold was filled with miscellaneous items such as metal ware, porcelain enamelware, wooden furniture, porcelain and leather.[5] When she was about {{convert|14|mi|km}} south of Sheboygan, her crew discovered a fire in her cargo hold. The Atlanta{{'s}} crew tried to combat the fire but failed. Even the automatic fire apparatus that was tested six days before the fire failed to put it out. The fire eventually got so bad that the Atlanta was stopped, and her crew and passengers took to the lifeboats.[5] The fish tug Tessler spotted the burning Atlanta and went to assist the people on board. The Atlanta{{'s}} deckhand Michael Hickey jumped off his ship, aiming to jump onto the Tessler but misjudged the distance and plummeted to his death between the two vessels. The ship's cook was saved by a fisherman named Charles Klein. The cook was trapped in the pantry of the Atlanta, but luckily Klein heard the cook's screams and climbed up onto the burning vessel and pulled the cook through a porthole.[5] Eventually all the people climbed aboard the Tessler; later all the passengers and crew were transferred to the steamer Georgian which took them back to Sheboygan. The Tessler took the Atlanta in tow, but eventually cut her loose and let her burn to the waterline. The value of the Atlanta and her cargo totaled a $200,000 loss.[5] In 1920 the Atlanta was purchased by the Leathem & Smith Towing and Wrecking Company of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin who began salvaging her wreck on August 11, 1920. A diver named Perl Purdy and some other divers salvaged the Atlanta{{'s}} engine, boilers and any valuable cargo that they could find.[5] The divers claimed that the machinery was only worth money as scrap money and most of her metalwork was destroyed in the fire. One of the Atlanta{{'s}} boilers was placed in the steamer M.H. Stuart in 1921.[5] The Atlanta todayThe remains of the Atlanta lie in {{convert|17|ft|m}} of water on the sandy bottom of Lake Michigan. She is 1.02 miles north-northeast of Amsterdam Park's boat launch in the town of Cedar Grove. The outline of the Atlanta is mostly complete, and can be seen from above, in some places her hull is up to {{convert|10|ft|m}} high.[6] Remains of the Atlanta{{'s}} diagonal bracing and hogging trusses can be seen at the wreck site. The inside of her hull is filled remnants of piping, bits of her plumbing, electricity, propulsion machinery and various pieces of warped metal. Her propeller shaft, pillow block, shaft log and stuffing box can all be seen near or in her wreck.[6] In 2016 students from the East Carolina University worked with the Wisconsin Historical Society to document, and survey her wreck.[6] References1. ^1 {{NRISref|2009a}} {{Registered Historic Places}}{{1906 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Atlanta, SS}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url = http://greatlakes.bgsu.edu/vessel/view/000427 |title = Atlanta |work = Bowling Green State University |accessdate = April 15, 2018 }} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web |url = https://www.greatlakesvesselhistory.com/histories-by-name/a/atlanta/ |title = Atlanta |work = Great Lakes Vessel Histories of Sterling Berry |accessdate = April 14, 2018 }} 4. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://www.wisconsinshipwrecks.org/Vessel/Details/43?region=Index |title = Service History |work = Wisconsin Shipwrecks |accessdate = April 15, 2018 }} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url = http://www.wisconsinshipwrecks.org/Vessel/Details/43?region=Index |title = Final voyage |work = Wisconsin Shipwrecks |accessdate = April 15, 2018 }} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.wisconsinshipwrecks.org/Vessel/Details/43?region=Index |title=Today |work=Wisconsin Shipwrecks |accessdate=17 April 2018}} 8 : Maritime incidents in 1906|National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin|National Register of Historic Places in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin|Shipwrecks of Lake Michigan|Steamships of the United States|Great Lakes ships|Merchant ships of the United States|1891 ships |
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