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词条 SS Columbia (1913)
释义

  1. Passenger Service

  2. World War I service

  3. World War II service

  4. As SS Columbia

  5. References

  6. Further reading

  7. External links

{{About|the Australian interstate passenger liner and troop transport ship|other uses|List of ships named SS Columbia}}{{EngvarB|date=December 2016}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}{{Use Australian English|date=April 2018}}>
infobox caption= display title=
}}{{Infobox ship image		Ship image=Ship caption=TSS Katoomba leaving Fremantle - 1926}{{Infobox ship careerHide header=Ship country=Australia|naval}}Ship name=SS KatoombaShip namesake=Ship owner=Ship operator=McIlwraith & McEacharnShip registry=Ship route=Sydney-FremantleShip ordered=Ship awarded=Ship builder=Harland & Wolff, BelfastShip original cost=Ship yard number=Ship way number=Ship laid down=Ship launched=10 April 1913Ship sponsor=Ship christened=Ship completed=July 1913[1]Ship acquired=Ship commissioned=Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=Ship maiden voyage=10 July 1913[1]Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=MelbourneShip identification=Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=Ship honors=Ship captured=Ship fate=Sold to Cia Maritima del EsteShip status=Ship notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=Greece|naval}}Ship name=Ship namesake=Ship owner=Cia Maritima del EsteShip operator=Ship registry=Ship route=Piraeus to Genoa, Lisbon, New York, South America, MontrealShip ordered=Ship awarded=Ship builder=Ship original cost=Ship yard number=Ship way number=Ship laid down=Ship launched=Ship sponsor=Ship christened=Ship completed=Ship acquired=Ship commissioned=Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=Ship maiden voyage=Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed=SS Columbia, 1949Ship reclassified=Ship refit=1949Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=PiraeusShip identification=Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=Ship honors=Ship captured=Ship fate=Scrappped, Nagasaki, 1959Ship status=Ship notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=Ship type=Ship tonnage=8,473 gross tonsShip displacement=Ship tons burthen=466|ft|m}}60.3|ft|m}}Ship height=34|ft|2|in|m|1|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Lloyd's Register: Katoomba}}Ship draft=Ship depth=Ship hold depth=Ship decks=Ship deck clearance=Ship ramps=Ship ice class=Ship power=Coal until 1949, then oilShip propulsion=Triple screw; two triple expansion engines plus LP turbineShip sail plan=Ship speed=15 knotsShip range=Ship endurance=Ship test depth=Ship boats=Ship capacity=52 first class and 754 tourist class passengersShip troops=c. 2000 troopsShip complement=Ship crew=Ship time to activate=Ship sensors=Ship EW=Ship notes=One funnel, two masts
}}
SS Columbia was a coal (later, oil) powered steam ship which began service under the name Katoomba in 1913 as an Australian interstate passenger liner serving a Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and West Australia route.[1][2] In 1918 the British government requisitioned the ship as troop transport for World War I service in the Atlantic. After further passenger service the ship was briefly requisitioned again for World War II transport of troops in southwestern Pacific waters. The ship ended service as a passenger transport in 1959 in Nagasaki, Japan. She was refitted in 1949 to use oil rather than coal as a power source, and was at that time renamed SS Columbia. Between her refitting in 1949 and her end of service she plied routes between a number of cities, including Piraeus, Lisbon, New York, Montreal, Cherbourg, Southampton, and Bremen (among others). She was damaged in foggy weather in Quebec in 1957 and was scrapped two years later after sailing to Japan.[3]

Passenger Service

Katoomba was launched 10 April 1913 by Harland & Wolff at Belfast departing under the owner's senior ship master, Captain Lionel Moodie Heddle, who had overseen construction and would remain in command of the ship for the next twenty-three years that included wartime service, on 10 July 1913. Coaling took place and 237 passengers for Australia boarded at Glasgow, Scotland for departure on 19 July with a brief anchorage off Plymouth, England before sailing for Australia with an 11 August coaling stop at Durban before a nonstop voyage to Fremantle during which, with all six boilers fired, Katoomba reached speeds of better than 17 knots. On the night of 24 August the ship took on coal at Fremantle and sailed the next afternoon for Melbourne where she entered Port Phillip Bay on 29 August for anchorage overnight before docking next morning. On 13 September Katoomba sailed for Sydney where an event was held 18 September in which invited guests and journalist could inspect the ship while being entertained by a new attraction for the interstate trade, the Katoomba Ladies Orchestra. On 20 September the ship sailed for Melbourne, Adelaide and Fremantle beginning regular service which would continue until interruption by requisition for military service in World War I.[4]

World War I service

The British government requisitioned Katoomba in May 1918 to transport United States troops to Britain and made two trans Atlantic crossings before transfer to the Mediterranean. She was in Salonika on 11 November at the armistice and three days later left Constantinople transporting more than 2,000 troops of the Essex and Middlesex Regiments, and twenty-six of the surviving prisoners that had been taken at the siege of Kut. In six Black Sea trips, as the first British troopship to pass through the Dardanelles since the war's start, Katoomba landed 14,000 troops and returned with repatriated Turks. She went to Bombay in April 1919 and returned to Britain before returning to Australia in August. There she was refitted and returned to her owners.[5]

The Katoomba transported over 430 Methodists and the Queen of Tonga from Sydney to Fiji in October 1935.[6]

World War II service

In 1941 Katoomba was briefly requisitioned for troop deployments transporting 1,496 troops leaving Brisbane for Rabaul on 15 March and then again with 687 troops from Sydney to Darwin before returning to commercial service.{{sfn|Gill|1957|p=436}}

Katoomba was transporting troops to Rabaul escorted by {{HMAS|Adelaide|1918|6}} when news of the attack on Pearl Harbor (8 December Australian date) and other Japanese attacks in the Pacific caused her to be held in Port Moresby.{{sfn|Gill|1957|p=486}} Plans to reinforce the garrison at Rabaul were abandoned, with the existing garrison sacrificed to delay Japanese advances, and Katoomba instead joined other ships in evacuating women and children from New Guinea, Papua, and Darwin.{{sfn|Gill|1957|p=496}} She was again requisitioned as a troopship in February 1942.

Katoomba was one of two Australian transports, the other being {{MV|Duntroon|3=2}}, that were substituted for the {{SS|Mariposa}} to transport a U.S. Army fighter group's ground troops and equipment to India. The troops and crated P-40 pursuit aircraft had arrived in a convoy from San Francisco escorted by {{USS|Phoenix|CL-46|6}} with Mariposa and the United States Army Transport {{USAT|Willard A. Holbrook|3=2}} that were intended to continue on to India; however, Mariposa was withdrawn and the Australian transports substituted. The Phoenix with Duntroon, Katoomba and Holbrook departed Melbourne 12 February as convoy MS.5 for Colombo, Ceylon by way of Fremantle. There the {{USS|Langley|CV-1|6}} and {{MS|Sea Witch|1940|2}} with aircraft for Java joined and the convoy departed Fremantle on 22 February. The ill-fated Langley and the Sea Witch left the convoy to proceed independently to Java while the remaining ships continued under escort by Phoenix until that cruiser was relieved by {{HMS|Enterprise |D52|6}} on 28 February about 300 miles west of Cocos Island. The convoy arrived at Colombo on 5 March.{{sfn|Gill|1957|pp=601–602}}

On the return voyage from India the ship transported Second Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF) troops being returned to Australia from the Middle east for operations in the south west Pacific.

In 1945, commendations were announced for men that volunteered to fight a fire in August 1943 when a falling sling of ammunition caused an explosion aboard in Port Moresby. First mate J. S. Burns, Able Seamen J. P. Shearer, J. W. Thrussell, and J. F. Robertson went below to fight the resulting fire despite the hold being filled with ammunition.{{sfn|The West Australian|Commendation. Fire on S.S. Katoomba}}

Later in March, the transport loaded 2nd AIF troops at Bombay being returned from the Middle East for the defense of Australia.[7]

The ship was caught up in Australian labor union actions when engine room firemen caused a three-week delay in the ship's sailing from Brisbane to return troops from Bougainville. There were reports that angry troops threatened to toss the firemen overboard when the ship did arrive.{{sfn|The Mercury|Threat By Soldiers Worries Katoomba Firemen}}

As SS Columbia

After being returned to her owners in 1946, Katoomba was sold to Goulandris Bros in Greece in July and renamed SS Columbia in 1949. She was retired from service in June 1950, laid up at Piraeus in March 1958 and scrapped at Nagasaki in 1959.

References

1. ^{{cite journal |last1=The Argus |first1= |last2= |first2= |year= 1913 |title=New Coastal Liner Katoomba to be Launched Today|journal= |volume= |issue=10 April 1913 |pages= |publisher=The Argus, Melbourne, Vic. |doi= |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/10776827 |accessdate=4 August 2018}}
2. ^{{cite journal |last1=The Telegraph |first1= |last2= |first2= |year= 1913 |title=New Interstate Liner Katoomba |journal= |volume= |issue=20 September 1913 |pages= |publisher=The Telegraph, Brisbane, Qld. |doi= |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/175985723? |accessdate=4 August 2018}}
3. ^{{Cite web|title=1 Air Division - SS Columbia|date=14 June 2004|url=http://67.69.104.76:84/marville/other/maother-44.html}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite book |last=Plowman |first=Peter |year=2007 |title=The Great Australian Coastal Liners |publisher=Rosenberg Publishing |isbn=9781877058608 |lccn= |page=53-54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7H8zjawqLSQC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA53#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=7 August 2018}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.awm.gov.au/wartime/44/page6_briefing_firstthrough/ |work=Wartime 44 |title=Briefing (page 6): First through |author=Nichols, Robert |date=2008 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |accessdate=4 January 2014}}
6. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article215838397 |title=The Trip to Fiji. |newspaper=Australian Christian Commonwealth (SA: 1901–1940) |location=SA |date=22 November 1935 |accessdate=20 February 2016 |page=17 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.awm.gov.au/view/collection/item/028180/ |title=Caption, Australian War Memorial photo 028180 |author= |date=25 March 1942 |work= |publisher= |accessdate=4 January 2014}}
{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite book |last=Gill |first=G. Hermon |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Royal Australian Navy 1939-1942 | series =Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 2 – Navy |volume =1 |year=1957 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |location=Canberra |isbn= |lccn=58037940 |page= |pages= |url=http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67910 |accessdate= |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=41b0460.pdf |title=Lloyd's Register (1941-42) |author=Lloyds |date=1941 |work= |publisher=Lloyd's Register (through PlimsollShipData) |accessdate=5 January 2014 |ref=CITEREFLloyd.27s_Register:_Katoomba }}
  • {{cite news |newspaper=The Mercury |year=1945 |title=Threat By Soldiers Worries Katoomba Firemen |issue=28 November 1945 |pages= |location= Hobart, Tasmania |doi= |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26158335 |accessdate=5 January 2014 |ref=CITEREFThe_MercuryThreat_By_Soldiers_Worries_Katoomba_Firemen}}
  • {{cite news |newspaper=The West Australian |year=1945 |title=Commendation. Fire on S.S. Katoomba |issue=26 January 1945 |pages= |location=Perth, West Australia |doi= |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article44995120 |accessdate=5 January 2014 |ref=CITEREFThe_West_AustralianCommendation._Fire_on_S.S._Katoomba }}
{{refend}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book |last=Emmons |first=Frederick |title=Pacific Liners 1927–72 | location=Newton Abbot |publisher= David & Charles |year= 1973 |isbn=9780715360750}}

External links

  • {{commonscat-inline|Katoomba (ship, 1913)|SS Katoomba}}
  • [https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B+10200 S.S. Katoomba color image, State Library of South Australia]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Columbia}}

6 : 1913 ships|Ships built in Belfast|Iron and steel steamships of Australia|Passenger ships of Australia|Troop ships of Australia|Ships built by Harland and Wolff
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