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词条 SS Lucifer
释义

  1. Design and Construction

  2. Operational history

     Sinking 

  3. Notes

{{Infobox Ship Image
Ship image=Ship caption=
}}{{Infobox Ship Career		Hide header=Ship country= United KingdomUKGBI|civil}}Ship name=*LuciferShip namesake=LuciferShip owner=*C.T. Bowring & CoShip operator=*Bearcreek Oil & Shipping CoShip ordered=Ship awarded=Ship builder=C.S. Swan & Hunter, WallsendShip yard number=246Ship laid down=Ship launched=10 August 1899Ship sponsor=Miss M.C. BowringShip christened=Ship completed=Ship acquired=Ship commissioned=16 September 1899Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship identification = *UK Official Number 110609
  • Call sign RHTQ
  • {{ICS|Romeo}}{{ICS|Hotel}}{{ICS|Tango}}{{ICS|Quebec}}
Ship renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=*LiverpoolShip motto=Ship nickname=Ship honors=Ship captured=Ship original cost=£54,000Ship fate=Foundered, 16 April 1907Ship status=Ship notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox Ship Characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=Ship type=Tanker3823}}[1]
  • {{NRT|2473}}[1]
  • {{DWT|5000}}
Ship displacement=Ship tons burthen=344|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on}}47|ft|1|in|m|abbr=on}}Ship height=Ship draught=Ship draft=20|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}}Ship hold depth=Ship ice class=Ship sail plan=Ship power= 310 Nhp[1]Ship propulsion=T Richardson & Sons 3-cylinder triple expansion10.0|kn|mph km/h|lk=in}}[4]Ship range=Ship endurance=Ship test depth=Ship boats=Ship capacity=Ship complement=Ship crew=Ship time to activate=Ship troops=Ship sensors=Ship EW=Ship armament=Ship armour=Ship armor=Ship aircraft=Ship aircraft facilities=Ship notes=
}}

Lucifer was a steam tanker built in 1899 by the C.S. Swan & Hunter Co of Wallsend for C.T. Bowring & Co of Liverpool. The ship was designed and built to carry oil and petroleum cargo in bulk and spent most of her career trading on routes from Philadelphia, Batoum and Novorossiysk to Hamburg and British ports.

Design and Construction

The vessel was laid down at C.S. Swan & Hunter Co. shipyard in Wallsend and launched on 10 August 1899 (yard number 246), with Miss M.C. Bowring of Liverpool being the sponsor.[1][2][3]

After successful completion of sea trials on September 16, during which the ship attained maximum speed of {{convert|11.0|kn|mph km/h}}, and made a mean speed of {{convert|10.0|kn|mph km/h}} over a measured mile, she was transferred to her owners and immediately departed for Philadelphia.[4][5]

As built, the ship was {{convert|344|ft|4|in|m}} long (between perpendiculars) and {{convert|47|ft|1|in|m}} abeam, a mean draft of {{convert|20|ft|9|in|m}}.[6] Lucifer was assessed at {{GRT|3823}} and {{NRT|2473}} and had deadweight of approximately 5,000.[6] The vessel had a steel hull, and a single 310 nhp triple-expansion steam engine, with cylinders of {{convert|24|in|cm|adj=on}}, {{convert|39|in|cm|adj=on}} and {{convert|66|in|cm|adj=on}} diameter with a {{convert|45|in|cm|adj=on}} stroke, that drove a single screw propeller, and moved the ship at up to {{convert|10.0|kn|mph km/h}}.[6]

Operational history

Upon delivery Lucifer departed from South Shields for Philadelphia in ballast on September 16, 1899 and arrived at her destination on October 2.[7][8] After spending two days in port she left Philadelphia on October 5 and reached Cuxhaven on October 26. The vessel left it on October 31 and arrived at Newcastle the next day, thus completing her maiden voyage.

The vessel immediately departed for her second voyage from Newcastle and arrived at Batoum on November 21. After loading her cargo of oil, she sailed back two days later and arrived at Hamburg on December 13. The vessel continued sailing between Hamburg and English ports and Batoum and Novorossiysk through the end of May 1900. For example, she arrived at Novorossiysk on March 17, 1900, loaded 221,103 poods (967,840 gallons) of refined illuminating oil, left on March 21, and arrived at Cardiff on April 17.[9] During her next trip she anchored at Batoum on May 5, loaded 317,605 poods of kerosene, left on May 7 and arrived at Hamburg at the end of May.[10] She then left Hamburg on June 1 and reached Baltimore on June 21. There she loaded 1,750,464 gallons of petroleum and left on June 23 for Antwerp.[11] She continued sailing between United States ports of Baltimore, New York and Philadelphia and Europe through the end of 1901. On January 26, 1901 she arrived at Antwerp with a lifeboat smashed and several deck fittings damaged due to rough weather the ship encountered on her trip.[12]

In 1902 the tanker continued her oil trade between Philadelphia and United Kingdom and Europe but also made a couple of trips to Russia. For example, during her June trip to Batoum she brought back 320,366 poods (1,409,600 gallons) of kerosene to Bristol and Cardiff on July 2, 1902.[13] Lucifer also returned to Manchester with 5,306 tons of kerosene on January 1, 1903 following her December trip to Novorossisk.

Following that trip Lucifer was briefly laid up until March 1903 when she resumed her trade. The vessel spent 1903 transporting oil and petroleum products from both Russia and Philadelphia. The ship spent 1904 carrying petroleum products exclusively from Russian Black Sea ports. For example, she brought in 1,006,400 gallons of lamp oil from Novorossisk to Cardiff on December 22, 1904. During the same trip she also had her hull plates bent due to possible collision.[14]

From 1905 through the rest of her career Lucifer continued her service on the United States to Europe route. In addition to British and northern European ports, she started occasionally carrying her cargo to ports in Italy. During her November 1905 trip from Philadelphia to Rouen she lost three blades of her propeller and had to call at Portland for repairs.[15] In 1906, for example, she delivered from Philadelphia 1,418,310 gallons of kerosene on August 24 and 1,419,550 gallons on October 11 for consignment of The Bowring Petroleum Co.[16]

Sinking

Lucifer arrived at New York at 01:00 on March 26, 1907 from Manchester in ballast to load another cargo of kerosene for delivery to the United Kingdom.[17] After loading approximately 25,000 barrels of oil, the ship departed from New York on April 5 and took course to Dublin and Belfast. The tanker was under command of captain Wilson and had a crew of 34 men. On April 8 a leak was discovered in stokehold and the pumps were employed, but the water kept rising until it reached the fires extinguishing them. The vessel continued drifting while the captain ordered to stock all lifeboats with provision good for about 12 days and made them ready for immediate use. The weather was rough with wind and heavy seas which exacerbated the situation. About three days later, the lights of two passing ships were spotted and distress calls were made but they apparently were not noticed. Some of the oil cargo was pumped out to lighten the ship and keep her afloat. Finally, on the night of April 15, another steamer, SS Sagami, was sighted and this time she noticed the flares and rockets fired by the troubled tanker and came by to inquire. As the gale was still in full force, the rescue was postponed until the daylight. At about 03:30 the next morning the rescue operation started, continued for almost five hours. About an hour after captain Wilson, who was the last person to leave the doomed ship, boarded Sagami, Lucifer foundered. All 35 men from Lucifer were safely landed at Falmouth on April 28. The dutch steamer SS Ryndam which arrived at Rotterdam a few days earlier, claimed to have spoken to Lucifer on April 12, but was informed that while her stokehold was filled with water and pump was out of order, the tanker did not require assistance.[18][19][20]

Notes

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/L-Ships/lucifer1899.html |title=Tyne Built Ships: Lucifer |accessdate=August 25, 2018}}
2. ^1 {{csr|register=MSI|id=1110609|shipname=Lucifer|accessdate=25 August 2018}}
3. ^{{cite news |title=Launch of a Steamer. |date=12 August 1899 |newspaper=Liverpool Mercury |page=7 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23142258/liverpool_mercury_etc/ |via = Newspapers.com |accessdate = August 25, 2018}}{{free access}}
4. ^{{cite news |title=New Steamer for the Petroleum Trade. |date=20 September 1899 |newspaper=Liverpool Mercury |page=10}}
5. ^{{cite news |title=Trial Trips. |date=1 April 1903 |newspaper=The Marine Engineer |page=32 |volume=XXV }}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |year=1905-1906 |title=Lloyd's Register, Steamships and Motorships |location=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register}}
7. ^{{cite news |title=Maritime News. |date=19 September 1899 |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |page=9 }}
8. ^{{cite news |title=Mail and Steamship News. |date=4 October 1899 |newspaper=Daily News |page=8 }}
9. ^{{cite news |title=Novorossisk. |date=31 March 1900 |newspaper=The Petroleum Industrial & Technical Review |volume=2 |number=56 |page=202 }}
10. ^{{cite news |title=Imports of Petroleum into the United Kingdom. |date=21 April 1900 |newspaper=The Petroleum Industrial & Technical Review |volume=2 |number=59 |page=247 }}
11. ^{{cite news |title=Arrivals and Departures. |date=25 June 1900 |newspaper=The Baltimore Sun |page=10 }}
12. ^{{cite news |title=List of Casualties to Petroleum Vessels. |date=2 March 1901 |newspaper=The Petroleum Industrial & Technical Review |volume=4 |number=104 |page=210 }}
13. ^{{cite news |title=Batoum Shipments. |date=12 July 1902 |newspaper=The Petroleum Industrial & Technical Review |volume=7 |number=175 |page=35 }}
14. ^{{cite news |title=Imports of Petroleum into the United Kingdom. |date=31 December 1904 |newspaper=The Petroleum Industrial & Technical Review |volume=11 |number=304 |page=542 }}
15. ^{{cite news |title=Maritime Notes. |date=18 November 1905 |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |page=11 }}
16. ^{{cite news |title=Last Year's Importation of Illuminating Oils to the United Kingdom. |date=16 February 1907 |newspaper=The Petroleum Industrial & Technical Review |volume=16 |number=392 |page=103 }}
17. ^{{cite news |title=Shipping News. |date=27 March 1907 |newspaper=New York Tribune |page=8 }}
18. ^{{cite news |title=Rescued Crew as Ship Foundered. |date=29 April 1907 |newspaper=The Times Dispatch |page=2 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23175972/the_times_dispatch/ |via=Newspapers.com }}{{free access}}
19. ^{{cite news |title=Week in a Waterlogged Ship. |date=29 April 1907 |newspaper=The Guardian |page=8 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23177114/the_guardian/ |via=Newspapers.com}}{{free access}}
20. ^{{cite news |title=Maritime Notes. |date=27 April 1907 |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |page=15 }}
{{coord|40|19|N|60|00|W|display=title}}{{1907 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lucifer}}

7 : 1899 ships|Ships built on the River Tyne|Steamships of the United Kingdom|Merchant ships of the United Kingdom|Oil tankers|Maritime incidents in 1907|Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
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