“SS Wegadesk”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Wegadesk was a steam cargo ship built in 1908 by the Burmeister & Wain of Copenhagen for A. F. Klaveness & Co of Sandefjord. Her name means Northern Lights in Mi'kmaq language. The ship was primarily employed as an ore and coal carrier during her career.

Design and Construction

Wegadesk was laid down at Burmeister & Wain shipyard in Copenhagen and launched on 11 April 1908 (yard number 264), with Mrs. Asmundsen Skaal, wife of the shipyard president being the sponsor.^[2]^[3] After successful completion of sea trials Wegadesk was handed over to her owners on May 14.^[3] The ship was specially designed for ore and coal transportation between North America and Europe.

As built, the ship was {{convert|360|ft|0|in|m}} long (between perpendiculars) and {{convert|51|ft|8|in|m}} abeam, a mean draft of {{convert|28|ft|3|in|m}}.^[4] Wegadesk was assessed at {{GRT|4271}}, {{NRT|2387}} and 7,318 DWT.^[4] The vessel had a steel hull, and a single 413 nhp triple-expansion steam engine, with cylinders of {{convert|26|in|cm|adj=on}}, {{convert|42|in|cm|adj=on}}, and {{convert|70|in|cm|adj=on}} diameter with a {{convert|48|in|cm|adj=on}} stroke, that drove a single screw propeller, and moved the ship at up to {{convert|12.5|kn|mph km/h}}.^[4]

Operational history

After delivery Wegadesk was immediately chartered to the Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Company, and left for Wabana via Tyne on May 17, 1908. Upon arrival, the ship loaded iron ore and left for Rotterdam on June 2 reaching it on June 12. The vessel continued serving Wabana to Rotterdam route for the rest of the 1908 summer navigational season. On September 28, 1908 Wegadesk on her way from Rotterdam had to call at Copenhagen due to leaking forepeak and had to be put into drydock for repairs.^[5] The ship returned to service on October 15. From November 1908 through mid-January 1909, the vessel was involved in iron ore carriage from Wabana to Philadelphia. On November 27, Wegadesk collided with British steamer Ashanti in North Sydney harbor, but suffered only minor damage and was able to proceed to Philadelphia a couple of days later.^[6]^[7]

With the closure of navigational season, Wegadesk sailed to Jacksonville where she loaded 3,702 tons of phosphate rock on January 26, 1909.^[8] The ship then continued on to Savannah and loaded 1,558 bales of cotton and other cargo for various European ports on January 29 and left for Rotterdam the next day.^[9] The vessel continued serving the Wabana-Rotterdam route through early June. On May 13 Wegadesk arrived at St. John's from Rotterdam damaged by ice. On June 11 she again arrived at St. John's from Rotterdam damaged by ice and had to undergo repairs.^[10] Subsequently, Wegadesk spent the rest of 1909 hauling coal between Sydney and Montreal.

Following the completion of 1909 navigational season, the ship was chartered to carry general cargo to Russia. The vessel departed from Baltimore on December 29 bound for Odessa and Novorossiysk carrying among other things 7,709 packages of agricultural machinery and 32,920 bales of twine.^[11]

The vessel arrived in Odessa on January 23, 1910, and upon unloading sailed for Nikolaieff from Novorossiysk on February 12 to load wheat for Rotterdam. From Rotterdam Wegadesk continued on to Narvik where it loaded iron ore and departed for Philadelphia on April 2. Upon arrival, the ship made two trips between Wabana and Philadelphia before resuming her coal carrying duties between Sydney and Montreal in late May 1910 which lasted through the end of the year.

Following the completion of 1910 navigational season, the ship was again chartered to carry general cargo to Russia. The vessel departed from Baltimore on January 11, 1911 bound for Odessa carrying among other things agricultural machinery, gasoline engines, and 17,709 bales of twine.^[12] From Odessa the ship continued again to load wheat in Nikolaieff and departed it on March 9, 1911 for Rotterdam. Subsequently, she returned to Canada in early May to resume her coal trade on the St. Lawrence river for the remainder of the year.

On December 18, 1911 Wegadesk left Wabana with a cargo of iron ore for Middlesbrough. During the first five months of 1912, the ship was employed in iron ore trade between Norwegian ports of Kirkeness and Narvik and Middlesbrough. The ship returned to Canada in June 1912 and again resumed her coal trade between Sydney and Montreal until completion of the navigational season. Wegadesk then was chartered to transport iron ore between Wabana and Emden. During one of these trips, on December 7, 1912 the ship had to call in at Falmouth due to damage sustained during stormy weather. After completing all the necessary repairs, Wegadesk departed from South Shields on December 27 to return to North America.

Upon return, Wegadesk was chartered to carry coal from Virginia ports of Norfolk and Newport News to Colón and Cuba and transport iron ore on her return voyage from Felton in Cuba to Baltimore. The ship departed for her first trip on January 31, 1913 from Norfolk and continued operating this route through 1915. During one of these trips, on April 21, 1913, Wegadesk while leaving Curtis Bay with about 6,600 tons of coal, collided with a large schooner Edward B. Winslow being tugged in to take her place at the loading pier. Fortunately, both ships only suffered minor damage and could continue their journeys without much of a delay.^[13]

Starting in 1916 Wegadesk was mainly involved in carrying goods, including wheat, from North America and coal from Great Britain to Italy. On May 25, 1915 it was reported that the owner of the vessel, A. F. Klaveness, has reassigned the ship to a newly formed holding company, D/S A/S "Wegadesk", with a capital of 174,000 NOK.^[14] At around 10:00 on August 12, 1916 Wegadesk, while on passage from Tyne to Genoa, collided with steamer Dunvegan Castle in the Downs of the river Thames, striking her bow on the starboard side. Both vessels suffered damage, mostly bent plates in the bow area, and had to proceed to port for quick repairs.^[15]

Sinking

Wegadesk departed Baltimore for her final journey on February 22, 1918 with a cargo of general goods and some metals destined for a variety of customers in Genoa. Following the protocol established by the British authorities, the ship had to call first at Gibraltar for inspection. The ship was under command of Captain Hans Hansen and had a crew of 30 men. The journey was uneventful until the morning of March 10, when a lookout on the vessel spotted a ship with a long foremast around 10:30 in an approximate position {{coord|34|51|N|12|07|W|}}. The ship turned out to be a German submarine. The U-boat approached Wegadesk to within a half a mile and fired several shots ordering her to stop. The crew complied, stopped the engines and lowered the lifeboats and abandoned the vessel and started rowing away. The submarine followed the crew, and ordered Captain Hansen to bring the ship papers on board the U-boat, and after their examination, a 14-man prize crew went aboard Wegadesk. The ship's crew was ordered back on board to help to transfer about 50 tons of copper and brass onto the German submarine. Besides that, food supplies, navigational instruments, tools and a few other things were taken from the ship. The transfer took several days and was finished in the afternoon of March 13. The prize crew then planted several scuttling charges on board Wegadesk and fired them. An explosion was heard a few minutes later and the freighter quickly sank. Due to deteriorating weather conditions, the submarine quickly departed the area, and the ship's crew was left on their own. After two days of rowing, they safely reached the Moroccan coast around a town of Saphi on March 15.^[16] It was later discovered that the German submarine {{SMU|U-155||2}} was responsible for the ship's sinking.

Notes

1. ^{{cite book |year=1918 |title=Record of American and Foreign Shipping |location=New York |publisher=American Bureau of Shipping}}
2. ^{{cite news |title=Nybygning, Kjøb, etc. |author= |newspaper=Kysten |date=13 April 1908 |page=2}}
3. ^¹{{cite news |title=Nybygning, Kjøb, etc. |author= |newspaper=Kysten |date=14 April 1908 |page=2}}
4. ^¹²³⁴{{cite book |year=1909-1910 |title=Lloyd's Register, Steamships and Motorships |location=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register}}
5. ^{{cite news |title=Disasters and Marine Notes. |author= |newspaper=London Standard |date=29 September 1908 |page=3}}
6. ^{{cite news |title=Forlis, Havarier, Etc. |author= |newspaper=Kysten |date=28 November 1908 |page=2}}
7. ^{{cite news |title=Disasters and Marine Notes. |author= |newspaper=London Standard |date=30 November 1908 |page=3}}
8. ^{{cite news |title=Coast-line shipments. |author= |newspaper=American Fertilizer |volume=30 |number=2 |date=February 1909 |page=27}}
9. ^{{cite news |title=Shipping News. |author= |newspaper=The Commercial & Financial Chronicle |volume=88 |number=2276 |date=6 February 1909 |page=388}}
10. ^{{cite news |title=Telegraphische Schiffsmeldungen. |author= |newspaper=Hamburgischer Correspondent und neue hamburgische Börsen-Halle |date=21 June 1909 |page=19}}
11. ^{{cite news |title=Foreign Exports. |author= |newspaper=Baltimore Sun |date=1 January 1910 |page=11}}
12. ^{{cite news |title=Foreign Exports. |author= |newspaper=Baltimore Sun |date=14 January 1911 |page=15}}
13. ^{{cite news |title=The Curtis Bay. The Edward B. Winslow. The Wegadesk. |author= |newspaper=The Federal Reporter |volume=206 |publisher=West Publishing Co. |location=St. Paul, MN |date=September-October 1913 |pages=919-926}}
14. ^{{cite news |title=Firmaregistret. |author= |newspaper=Norges Handels og Sjøfartstidende |date=25 May 1916 |page=2}}
15. ^{{cite news |title=Schiffsverkäufe. |author= |newspaper=Hamburgischer Correspondent und neue hamburgische Börsen-Halle |date=23 August 1916 |page=12}}
16. ^{{cite news |title=D/S Wegadesk. |author= |newspaper=Sjøforklaringer over norske skibes krigsforlis i 1918 |volume=4 |year=1918 |publisher=Centraltrykkeriet |location=Kristiania |pages=65-67}}