“SS Willis L. King”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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SS Willis L. King

释义

History
Superior City disaster
Later history
References

{{Infobox ship image

Ship image=

Ship caption=The Willis L. King in the Soo Locks
}}{{Infobox ship career

Ship header=

Ship name=*Willis L. King 1911-1952

C.L. Austin 1952-1984

United States|merchant}}

Ship operator=*Interstate Steamship Company 1911-1949

Jones and Laughlin Steel Company 1949-1952
Wilson Transit Company 1952-1973
Kinsman Marine Transit Company 1973-1985
S.&E. Shipping Corporation 1975-1984

Ship ordered=

United States|civil}}, Duluth, Minnesota

Ship builder=Great Lakes Engineering Works, Ecorse, Michigan

Ship yard number=79

Ship laid down=September 12, 1910

Ship launched=December 17, 1910

Ship identification=*U.S. Registry #208397

{{IMO Number|5056389}}

Ship acquired=

Ship in service=March 20, 1911

Ship out of service=1984

Ship fate=Scrapped in 1984 in Ashtabula, Ohio by the Triad Salvage Inc.

Ship notes=}{{Infobox ship characteristics

Ship header=

Header caption=

Ship class=Lake freighter

Ship tonnage=*7,568 gross tons;

5,712 net tons

600|ft|m|abbr=on}} LOA{{convert|580|ft|m|abbr=on}} LBP

58|ft|m|abbr=on}}

33|ft|m|abbr=on}}

Ship draft=

Ship power=2x Scotch marine boilers

Ship propulsion=1,800 horsepower triple expansion steam engine

Ship speed=

Ship crew=

Ship notes=}

The Willis L. King (Official number 208397) was a {{convert|600|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}},^[1] steel-hulled, propeller-driven American Great Lakes freighter built in 1911 by the Great Lakes Engineering Works of Ecorse, Michigan. She was scrapped in 1984 in Ashtabula, Ohio. The King is best known for her collision with the steamer Superior City on August 20, 1920, in Whitefish Bay.

History

In 1906 the Jones and Laughlin Steel Company commissioned two {{convert|552|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} freighters named the B.F. Jones and the James Laughlin, both named after the founders of the large company, and both were built by the Great Lakes Engineering Works of Ecorse, Michigan.^[2] The large fleet was managed by W.H. Becker, a prominent fleet manager and owner from Cleveland, Ohio.^[3]

Due to the increasing demand for iron ore, J & L commissioned two identical vessels; the King from the Great Lakes Engineering Works (GLEW) of Ecorse, Michigan, and the William C. Moreland from the American Ship Building Company (AMSHIP) of Lorain, Ohio. They were identical in every respect and had a length of 600 feet (180 meters) and a 12,000-ton cargo capacity.

The King's keel was laid on September 12, 1910; slightly over three months later she was launched on December 17, 1911 as hull number #79. She was commissioned by the Interstate Steamship Company (W.H. Becker, Mgr.) of Cleveland, Ohio (a subsidiary of Jones and Laughlin Steel Company). She entered service on April 18, 1911, sailing light from Ecorse, Michigan, bound for Toledo, Ohio.^[4]

Superior City disaster

On August 20, 1920 the King had just unloaded a cargo of iron ore at Ashtabula, Ohio, and was on her way to the ore docks to pick up another load of ore. Meanwhile, the Superior City was downbound from Two Harbors, Minnesota, heavily loaded with 7,600 tons of iron ore in her cargo hold.

Noted Great Lakes maritime historian and author Dwight Boyer described the collision between the two ships in his book Ships and Men of the Great Lakes. He wrote:

"She was [R]ammed on her port side, aft of midships … [causing] … a tremendous explosion when the terrible inrushing wall of cold water burst her aft bulkheads and hit the boilers. The vessel’s stern was literally blown off…. [and she] was nearly halved in the collision."^[5]

Most of the Superior Citys crew were trying to lower the lifeboats that were located directly above the boilers. When the cold water caused the boilers to explode, the majority of the crew was killed instantly. The deadly collision occurred at 9:10 pm.

Later history

On May 31, 1926, the King collided with the {{convert|600|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} laker Pontiac in heavy fog just twelve miles above the Soo Locks.

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:971884/mmsi:-5056389/vessel:C.L.AUSTIN |title=C.L. Austin |website=MarineTrafic |access-date=14 February 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca/documents/scanner/05/06/default.asp?ID=c007 |title=Jones And Laughlin Steel Corporation (The Interstate Steamship Co.) |website=The Scanner |access-date=23 February 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mhsd.org/historian11-11.pdf |title=Great Lakes Ships To Be Remembered No.35 William C. Moreland |website=Mshd.org |access-date=23 February 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.greatlakesvesselhistory.com/histories-by-name/k/king-willis-l/ |title=King, Willis L. |website=Great Lakes Vessel History |access-date=14 February 2018}}
5. ^Boyer, Dwight (1977). Ships and Men of the Great Lakes, pp. 103 – 104. Freshwater Press, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, USA. {{ISBN|0-912514-51-5}}.

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