“Stanley Lingar”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

On the evening of January 5, 1985, Lingar and his friend, Dave Smith, were drinking alcohol and driving around Doniphan, Missouri. They saw Thomas Allen's jeep, which had run out of gas, parked at the side of the road. They offered to take him to a gas station and he accepted. After driving out of town, Lingar ordered Allen to undress. He then ordered Allen to masturbate, but Allen was too frightened to do so. Lingar then drove to his parents' home to retrieve a Winchester .22-caliber rifle. He then drove to a rural area, pointed the gun at Allen and again ordered him to masturbate. Allen asked to get out of the car to urinate, which Lingar and Smith allowed him to do. All three of them got out of the car, and Lingar shot Allen while Allen was urinating. Allen then got up, got into the car and started the ignition but the car stalled because Allen didn't push in the clutch. Lingar shot Allen three more times then, realizing Allen was still alive, Lingar retrieved a tire iron from the car's trunk and used it to beat Allen. After Lingar and Smith got back into the car they noticed that Allen was still alive. Lingar ran him over with the car and then sped away. Lingar and Smith, after talking to Lingar's brother, then disposed of the body, dumping it over a bridge, and cleaned the car. They later pawned the car and dumped the murder weapon on a country road in Kentucky.^[3]

Conviction and appeals

In 1986 Lingar was found guilty of murdering Thomas Allen and was sentenced to death by Judge Kenneth D. Pratte after the jury recommended the death penalty. In 1997, after the Missouri Supreme Court upheld Lingar's conviction and sentence, Lingar told his attorneys that he didn't want any further appeals; he later changed his mind.^[4]

Dave Smith, in exchange for testifying against Lingar and pleading guilty to second-degree murder, was sentenced to ten years in prison.^[5] He was released after serving six years of his sentence.^[6]

The attorneys who worked on Lingar's appeal argued the prosecution presented evidence about Lingar's sexual orientation that was irrelevant and prejudicial, and that his attorney at his first trail was inexperienced and failed to present evidence Dave Smith may have masterminded the murder of Thomas Allen. They also argued Lingar's mental state was a mitigating factor, and that he suffered from mental disorders which were undiagnosed at the time of his trial. While in prison he was diagnosed as having Axis I disorders acute paranoid disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and dysthymic disorder along with an Axis II personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder with dependent traits.^[7] The Eighth Circuit of Appeals upheld Lingar's death sentence, and an execution date was set after the U.S Supreme Court declined to hear Lingar's case.^[4]^[8]

Controversy

Organizations and publications including Queer Watch, the American Civil Liberties Union, Amnesty International, Village Voice and The Advocate supported Lingar's appeal and suggested that he was a victim of homophobia;^[1]^[9]^[10] they believed that the prosecutors prejudiced jurors against the defendant by introducing evidence of Lingar's homosexuality. The prosecutors denied these accusations and said that testimony about Lingar's sexual orientation was meant to establish motive for the murder, and that he was sentenced to die because of the brutality of his crime.^[5]

Execution

Approximately forty demonstrators gathered outside of Potosi Correctional Center on February 6, 2001, to protest Lingar's execution.^[1] His last meal was a corn beef sandwich and french fries. He declined to make a final statement, but his family issued a statement on his behalf. Stanley Lingar was executed at by lethal injection at 12:06 a.m. on February 7, 2001.^[5]

References

1. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2001/feb/08/news/mn-22786|title=Gay killer executed despite protests|date=February 8, 2001|access-date=July 8, 2017|publisher=Los Angeles Times}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/US/lingar696.htm|title=Stanley D. Lingar #696 - Clark County Prosecuting Attorney|access-date=July 8, 2017}}
3. ^{{cite book |last1=Delfino |first1=Michaelangelo |last2=Day |first2=Mary E. |title=Death Penalty USA, 2000-2001 |isbn=978-0-78601-107-0 |date=2009 |pages=58–60}}
4. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://dailyjournalonline.com/lingar-execution-scheduled/article_9994c3e0-0ac5-5c99-a509-2f0ee11673db.html|title=Lingar execution scheduled|last=Sigman|first=Leroy|publisher=Daily Journal|date=January 13, 2001|accessdate=}}
5. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=94160&page=1|title=Gay prisoner executed in Missouri|last=Robinson|first=Ryan|date=February 7, 2001|accessdate=|publisher=ABC News}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/823846/Missouri-executes-man-in-1985-murder-of-teen.html|title=Missouri executes man in 1985 murder of teen|date=February 7, 2001|accessdate=July 8, 2017|publisher=Deseret News}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.umsl.edu/~phillipsm/dp/Lingar.html|title=In the Matter of: Stanley D. Lingar, CP-45}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://catholickey.com/index.php3?gif=news.gif&mode=view&issue=20010211&article_id=1228|title=MCC joins coalition in plea to halt Lingar execution|last=Nies|first=Jay|accessdate=July 8, 2017|publisher=The Catholic Key}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2001/03/13/queer-on-death-row/|title=Queer on death row|last=Goldtein|first=Richard|date=March 13, 2001|accessdate=|publisher=Village Voice}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.advocate.com/news/2001/02/10/missouri-governor-admits-%C2%93personal-qualms%C2%94-over-lingar-execution|title=Missouri governor admits personal qualms over Lingar execution|date=February 10, 2001|accessdate=|publisher=The Advocate}}

Murder of Thomas Allen

Conviction and appeals

Controversy

Execution

References